龙眼Dimocarpus longan
中文名（Chinese Name）：龙眼
学名（Scientific Name）：Dimocarpus longan Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：longan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：桂圆
异名（Synonym）：Euphoria longana Lam. Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Nephelium longana Cambess. Dimocarpus pupilla Moon Dimocarpus undulatus Wight Euphoria cinerea (Turcz.) Radlk. Euphoria glabra Blume Euphoria gracilis Radlk. Euphoria leichhardtii var. hebepetala Benth. Euphoria leichhardtii Benth. Euphoria malaiensis (Griff.) Radlk. Euphoria microcarpa Radlk. Euphoria nephelioides Radlk. Euphoria undulata Wall. Euphoria verruculosa Salisb. Nephelium longan (Lour.) Hook.
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）龙眼属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高通常10余米，间有高达40米、胸径达1米、具板根的大乔木；小枝粗壮，被微柔毛，散生苍白色皮孔。叶连柄长15-30厘米或更长；小叶4-5对，很少3或6对，薄革质，长圆状椭圆形至长圆状披针形，两侧常不对称，长6-15厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端短尖，有时稍钝头，基部极不对称，上侧阔楔形至截平，几与叶轴平行，下侧窄楔尖，腹面深绿色，有光泽，背面粉绿色，两面无毛；侧脉12-15对，仅在背面凸起；小叶柄长通常不超过5毫米。花序大型，多分枝，顶生和近枝顶腋生，密被星状毛；花梗短；萼片近革质，三角状卵形，长约2.5毫米，两面均被褐黄色绒毛和成束的星状毛；花瓣乳白色，披针形，与萼片近等长，仅外面被微柔毛；花丝被短硬毛。果近球形，直径1.2-2.5厘米，通常黄褐色或有时灰黄色，外面稍粗糙，或少有微凸的小瘤体；种子茶褐色，光亮，全部被肉质的假种皮包裹。花期春夏间，果期夏季。
分布（Distribution）：我国西南部至东南部栽培很广，云南及广东、广西南部亦见野生或半野生于疏林中。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 15
Dimocarpus longan Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 233. 1790.
龙眼 long yan| Sapindaceae | Dimocarpus
Euphoria longan (Loureiro) Steudel; E. longana Lamarck; Nephelium longana (Lamarck) Cambessèdes.
Trees, evergreen, usually ca. 10 m tall, sometimes to 40 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h. Branches strong, pilosulose, with scattered, glaucous lenticels. Leaves with petiole 15-30 cm or longer; leaflets (3 or)4 or 5(or 6) pairs; petiolules less than 5 mm; blades abaxially powdery green, adaxially deep green and shiny, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, often bilaterally asymmetrical, 6-15 × 2.5-5 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 12-15 pairs, only prominent abaxially, base extremely asymmetrical, cuneate at side toward leaf base, broadly cuneate to truncate at side toward leaf apex, almost parallel to axis, apex acute, sometimes slightly obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary near apex, large, many branched, densely stellate. Pedicels short. Calyx stellate; sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, subleathery, both surfaces brownish yellow tomentose with tufts of stellate hairs. Petals 5, milky-white, lanceolate, nearly as long as sepals, only pilosulose abaxially. Filaments hirsute. Fruit usually yellowish brown or sometimes grayish yellow, subglobose, 1.2-2.5 cm in diam., abaxially slightly rugose, or with few slightly prominent tubercles. Seeds brown, nitid, with fleshy arillode. Fl. spring-summer, fr. summer.
Native in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan; widely cultivated in S China [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea (naturalized), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in subtropical regions].
The edible fruit (longan) is famous in S China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Dimocarpus longan Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：longan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：桂圆
异名（Synonym）：Euphoria longana Lam. Euphoria longan (Lour.) Steud. Nephelium longana Cambess. Dimocarpus pupilla Moon Dimocarpus undulatus Wight Euphoria cinerea (Turcz.) Radlk. Euphoria glabra Blume Euphoria gracilis Radlk. Euphoria leichhardtii var. hebepetala Benth. Euphoria leichhardtii Benth. Euphoria malaiensis (Griff.) Radlk. Euphoria microcarpa Radlk. Euphoria nephelioides Radlk. Euphoria undulata Wall. Euphoria verruculosa Salisb. Nephelium longan (Lour.) Hook.
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）龙眼属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高通常10余米，间有高达40米、胸径达1米、具板根的大乔木；小枝粗壮，被微柔毛，散生苍白色皮孔。叶连柄长15-30厘米或更长；小叶4-5对，很少3或6对，薄革质，长圆状椭圆形至长圆状披针形，两侧常不对称，长6-15厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端短尖，有时稍钝头，基部极不对称，上侧阔楔形至截平，几与叶轴平行，下侧窄楔尖，腹面深绿色，有光泽，背面粉绿色，两面无毛；侧脉12-15对，仅在背面凸起；小叶柄长通常不超过5毫米。花序大型，多分枝，顶生和近枝顶腋生，密被星状毛；花梗短；萼片近革质，三角状卵形，长约2.5毫米，两面均被褐黄色绒毛和成束的星状毛；花瓣乳白色，披针形，与萼片近等长，仅外面被微柔毛；花丝被短硬毛。果近球形，直径1.2-2.5厘米，通常黄褐色或有时灰黄色，外面稍粗糙，或少有微凸的小瘤体；种子茶褐色，光亮，全部被肉质的假种皮包裹。花期春夏间，果期夏季。
分布（Distribution）：我国西南部至东南部栽培很广，云南及广东、广西南部亦见野生或半野生于疏林中。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 15
Dimocarpus longan Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 233. 1790.
龙眼 long yan| Sapindaceae | Dimocarpus
Euphoria longan (Loureiro) Steudel; E. longana Lamarck; Nephelium longana (Lamarck) Cambessèdes.
Trees, evergreen, usually ca. 10 m tall, sometimes to 40 m tall, ca. 1 m d.b.h. Branches strong, pilosulose, with scattered, glaucous lenticels. Leaves with petiole 15-30 cm or longer; leaflets (3 or)4 or 5(or 6) pairs; petiolules less than 5 mm; blades abaxially powdery green, adaxially deep green and shiny, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, often bilaterally asymmetrical, 6-15 × 2.5-5 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, lateral veins 12-15 pairs, only prominent abaxially, base extremely asymmetrical, cuneate at side toward leaf base, broadly cuneate to truncate at side toward leaf apex, almost parallel to axis, apex acute, sometimes slightly obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary near apex, large, many branched, densely stellate. Pedicels short. Calyx stellate; sepals triangular-ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, subleathery, both surfaces brownish yellow tomentose with tufts of stellate hairs. Petals 5, milky-white, lanceolate, nearly as long as sepals, only pilosulose abaxially. Filaments hirsute. Fruit usually yellowish brown or sometimes grayish yellow, subglobose, 1.2-2.5 cm in diam., abaxially slightly rugose, or with few slightly prominent tubercles. Seeds brown, nitid, with fleshy arillode. Fl. spring-summer, fr. summer.
Native in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Yunnan; widely cultivated in S China [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea (naturalized), Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; cultivated in subtropical regions].
The edible fruit (longan) is famous in S China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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