蚕豆Vicia faba

中文名(Chinese Name):蚕豆
学名(Scientific Name):Vicia faba L.
英文名(English Common Name):fava bean
别名(Chinese Common Name):南豆、胡豆
异名(Synonym):Faba faba (L.) House  Faba equina Medik.
科属(Family & Genus):豆科(Leguminosae)野豌豆属
形态特征(Description):一年生草本,高30-100 (-120) 厘米。主根短粗,多须根,根瘤粉红色,密集。茎粗壮,直立,直径0.7-1厘米,具四棱,中空、无毛。偶数羽状复叶,叶轴顶端卷须短缩为短尖头;托叶戟头形或近三角状卵形,长1-2.5厘米,宽约0.5厘米,略有锯齿,具深紫色密腺点;小叶通常1-3对,互生,上部小叶可达4-5对,基部较少,小叶椭圆形,长圆形或倒卵形,稀圆形,长4-6 (-10) 厘米,宽1.5-4厘米,先端圆钝,具短尖头,基部楔形,全缘,两面均无毛。总状花序腋生,花梗近无;花萼钟形,萼齿披针形,下萼齿较长;具花2-4 (-6) 朵呈丛状着生于叶腋,花冠白色,具紫色脉纹及黑色斑晕,长2-3.5厘米,旗瓣中部缢缩,基部渐狭,翼瓣短于旗瓣,长于龙骨瓣;雄蕊2体 (9+1),子房线形无柄,胚珠2-4 (-6),花柱密被白柔毛,顶端远轴面有一束髯毛。荚果肥厚,长5-10厘米,宽2-3厘米;表皮绿色被绒毛,内有白色海绵状,横隔膜,成熟后表皮变为黑色。种子2-4 (-6),长方圆形,近长方形,中间内凹,种皮革质,青绿色,灰绿色至棕褐色,稀紫色或黑色;种脐线形,黑色,位于种子一端。花期4-5月,果期5-6月。
分布(Distribution):原产欧洲地中海沿岸,亚洲西南部至北非,全国各地均有栽培。
用途(Use):蚕豆是人类最早栽培的豆类作物之一,世界上种植蚕豆的有40多个国家,集中在黑海和地中海沿岸,我国有40多个栽培品种,本世纪50年代产量居世界第一。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 560, 571
Vicia faba Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 737. 1753.
蚕豆 can dou| Fabaceae  | Vicia
Faba vulgaris Moench.
Herbs annual, 30-120 cm tall. Stem erect, thick, glabrous. Leaves paripinnate; stipules hastate or triangular-ovate, 10-25 mm, margin slightly toothed; leaflets 1-5-paired, oblong, ellip­tic, or obovate, 40-60(-100) × 15-40 mm, glabrous, apex mu­cronate; tendril absent, replaced by a mucro. Flowers 2-4(-6) in axillary fascicles. Calyx campanulate, unequally toothed. Corolla white with purple veins, 20-35 mm; standard con­stricted at middle, longer than wings; wings longer than keel. Ovary sessile, linear; ovules 2-4(-6). Legume stout, 50-100 × 20-30 mm, tomentose. Seeds 2-4(-6), oblong, compressed, 8-30 mm. Fl. and fr. Mar-Sep. 2n = 12, 14.
Cultivated; near sea level to 3700 m. Throughout China [widely cultivated elsewhere; of cultivated origin].
The seeds (broad beans, fava beans) are edible.
蚕豆Vicia faba

蚕豆Vicia faba(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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