杨梅Morella rubra
中文名（Chinese Name）：杨梅
学名（Scientific Name）：Morella rubra Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：red bayberry
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山杨梅、树梅
异名（Synonym）：Myrica nagi Thunb. Morella rubra Lour. Myrica rubra var. acuminata Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：杨梅科（Myricaceae）杨梅属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高可达15米以上，胸径达60余厘米；树皮灰色，老时纵向浅裂；树冠圆球形。小枝及芽无毛，皮孔通常少而不显著，幼嫩时仅被圆形而盾状着生的腺体。叶革质，无毛，生存至2年脱落，常密集于小枝上端部分；多生于萌发条上者为长椭圆状或楔状披针形，长达16厘米以上，顶端渐尖或急尖，边缘中部以上具稀疏的锐锯齿，中部以下常为全缘，基部楔形；生于孕性枝上者为楔状倒卵形或长椭圆状倒卵形，长5-14厘米，宽1-4厘米，顶端圆钝或具短尖至急尖，基部楔形，全缘或偶有在中部以上具少数锐锯齿，上面深绿色，有光泽，下面浅绿色，无毛，仅被有稀疏的金黄色腺体，干燥后中脉及侧脉在上下两面均显著，在下面更为隆起；叶柄长2-10毫米。花雌雄异株。雄花序单独或数条丛生于叶腋，圆柱状，长1-3厘米，通常不分枝呈单穗状，稀在基部有不显著的极短分枝现象，基部的苞片不孕，孕性苞片近圆形，全缘，背面无毛，仅被有腺体，长约1毫米，每苞片腋内生1雄花。雄花具2-4枚卵形小苞片及4-6枚雄蕊；花药椭圆形，暗红色，无毛。雌花序常单生于叶腋，较雄花序短而细瘦，长5-15毫米，苞片和雄花的苞片相似，密接而成覆瓦状排列，每苞片腋内生1雌花。雌花通常具4枚卵形小苞片；子房卵形，极小，无毛，顶端极短的花柱及2鲜红色的细长的柱头，其内侧为具乳头状凸起的柱头面。每一雌花序仅上端1（稀2)雌花能发育成果实。核果球状，外表面具乳头状凸起，径1-1.5厘米，栽培品种可达3厘米左右，外果皮肉质，多汁液及树脂，味酸甜，成熟时深红色或紫红色；核常为阔椭圆形或圆卵形，略成压扁状，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.2厘米，内果皮极硬，木质。4月开花，6-7月果实成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、浙江、台湾、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、云南、广西和广东，生于海拔125-1500米的山坡或山谷林中。日本、朝鲜和菲律宾也有分布。
用途（Use）：杨梅是我国江南的著名水果；树皮富于单宁，可用作赤褐色染料及医药上的收敛剂。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 276
Myrica rubra Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4: 230. 1846.
杨梅 yang mei | Myricaceae | Myrica
Morella rubra Loureiro; Myrica rubra var. acuminata Nakai.
Trees evergreen, dioecious, to 15 m tall; trunk to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray. Branchlets and buds glabrous. Petiole 2-10 mm, glabrous to puberulent adaxially; leaf blade cuneate-obovate or narrowly elliptic-obovate, 5-14 × 1-4 cm, leathery, glabrous, abaxially pale green and sparsely to moderately golden glandular, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire or serrate in apical 1/2, apex obtuse to acute. Male spikes simple or inconspicuously branched, solitary or sometimes few together in leaf axils, 1-3 cm; peduncle glabrous; bracts suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous but abaxially golden glandular. Male flowers with 2-4 ovate bracteoles, sparsely ciliate. Stamens 4-6; anthers dark red, ellipsoid. Female spikes solitary in leaf axils, 0.5-1.5 cm, many flowered; rachis pubescent and glandular; bracts overlapping, glabrous and inconspicuously glandular. Female flowers with 4 bracteoles. Ovary velutinous; stigmas 2, bright red, slender. Drupe dark red or purple-red at maturity, globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., to 3 cm when cultivated,
papilliferous; papillae to 3.5 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul.
Forests in mountain slopes, valleys; 100-1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Philippines].
Commonly cultivated for its edible fruit, this taxon is usually cited as Myrica rubra (Loureiro) Siebold & Zuccarini. However, in their publication of 1846, Siebold & Zuccarini provided a description only, with no reference, direct or indirect, to Morella rubra Loureiro (1790). Therefore, the name Myrica rubra Siebold & Zuccarini must be treated as new, preventing the combination in Myrica of Loureiro’s earlier name.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Morella rubra Lour.
英文名（English Common Name）：red bayberry
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山杨梅、树梅
异名（Synonym）：Myrica nagi Thunb. Morella rubra Lour. Myrica rubra var. acuminata Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：杨梅科（Myricaceae）杨梅属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高可达15米以上，胸径达60余厘米；树皮灰色，老时纵向浅裂；树冠圆球形。小枝及芽无毛，皮孔通常少而不显著，幼嫩时仅被圆形而盾状着生的腺体。叶革质，无毛，生存至2年脱落，常密集于小枝上端部分；多生于萌发条上者为长椭圆状或楔状披针形，长达16厘米以上，顶端渐尖或急尖，边缘中部以上具稀疏的锐锯齿，中部以下常为全缘，基部楔形；生于孕性枝上者为楔状倒卵形或长椭圆状倒卵形，长5-14厘米，宽1-4厘米，顶端圆钝或具短尖至急尖，基部楔形，全缘或偶有在中部以上具少数锐锯齿，上面深绿色，有光泽，下面浅绿色，无毛，仅被有稀疏的金黄色腺体，干燥后中脉及侧脉在上下两面均显著，在下面更为隆起；叶柄长2-10毫米。花雌雄异株。雄花序单独或数条丛生于叶腋，圆柱状，长1-3厘米，通常不分枝呈单穗状，稀在基部有不显著的极短分枝现象，基部的苞片不孕，孕性苞片近圆形，全缘，背面无毛，仅被有腺体，长约1毫米，每苞片腋内生1雄花。雄花具2-4枚卵形小苞片及4-6枚雄蕊；花药椭圆形，暗红色，无毛。雌花序常单生于叶腋，较雄花序短而细瘦，长5-15毫米，苞片和雄花的苞片相似，密接而成覆瓦状排列，每苞片腋内生1雌花。雌花通常具4枚卵形小苞片；子房卵形，极小，无毛，顶端极短的花柱及2鲜红色的细长的柱头，其内侧为具乳头状凸起的柱头面。每一雌花序仅上端1（稀2)雌花能发育成果实。核果球状，外表面具乳头状凸起，径1-1.5厘米，栽培品种可达3厘米左右，外果皮肉质，多汁液及树脂，味酸甜，成熟时深红色或紫红色；核常为阔椭圆形或圆卵形，略成压扁状，长1-1.5厘米，宽1-1.2厘米，内果皮极硬，木质。4月开花，6-7月果实成熟。
分布（Distribution）：产江苏、浙江、台湾、福建、江西、湖南、贵州、四川、云南、广西和广东，生于海拔125-1500米的山坡或山谷林中。日本、朝鲜和菲律宾也有分布。
用途（Use）：杨梅是我国江南的著名水果；树皮富于单宁，可用作赤褐色染料及医药上的收敛剂。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 276
Myrica rubra Siebold & Zuccarini, Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4: 230. 1846.
杨梅 yang mei | Myricaceae | Myrica
Morella rubra Loureiro; Myrica rubra var. acuminata Nakai.
Trees evergreen, dioecious, to 15 m tall; trunk to 60 cm d.b.h.; bark gray. Branchlets and buds glabrous. Petiole 2-10 mm, glabrous to puberulent adaxially; leaf blade cuneate-obovate or narrowly elliptic-obovate, 5-14 × 1-4 cm, leathery, glabrous, abaxially pale green and sparsely to moderately golden glandular, adaxially dark green, base cuneate, margin entire or serrate in apical 1/2, apex obtuse to acute. Male spikes simple or inconspicuously branched, solitary or sometimes few together in leaf axils, 1-3 cm; peduncle glabrous; bracts suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, glabrous but abaxially golden glandular. Male flowers with 2-4 ovate bracteoles, sparsely ciliate. Stamens 4-6; anthers dark red, ellipsoid. Female spikes solitary in leaf axils, 0.5-1.5 cm, many flowered; rachis pubescent and glandular; bracts overlapping, glabrous and inconspicuously glandular. Female flowers with 4 bracteoles. Ovary velutinous; stigmas 2, bright red, slender. Drupe dark red or purple-red at maturity, globose, 1-1.5 cm in diam., to 3 cm when cultivated,
papilliferous; papillae to 3.5 mm. Fl. Mar-Apr, fr. May-Jul.
Forests in mountain slopes, valleys; 100-1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Philippines].
Commonly cultivated for its edible fruit, this taxon is usually cited as Myrica rubra (Loureiro) Siebold & Zuccarini. However, in their publication of 1846, Siebold & Zuccarini provided a description only, with no reference, direct or indirect, to Morella rubra Loureiro (1790). Therefore, the name Myrica rubra Siebold & Zuccarini must be treated as new, preventing the combination in Myrica of Loureiro’s earlier name.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[2]
顶一下[4]