棉花Gossypium hirsutum
中文名（Chinese Name）：棉花
学名（Scientific Name）：Gossypium hirsutum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：upland cotton
别名（Chinese Common Name）：陆地棉、大陆棉
异名（Synonym）：Gossypium mexicanum Tod. Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium barbadense var. marie-galante (G.Watt) A.Chev. Gossypium birkinshawii G.Watt Gossypium caespitosum Tod. Gossypium cavanillesianum Tod. Gossypium harrisii G.Watt Gossypium harrissii Watt Gossypium herbaceum var. hirsutum (L.) Mast. Gossypium herbaceum var. religiosum (L.) Hook. f. Gossypium hirsutum f. atrocoloratum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. berlandieri Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. cavelsenii Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. cearense (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. gaumeri Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. guatemaltequense Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. jamaicense (Macfad.) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum f. mustelinum (Miers) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. palmeri (G. Watt) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum f. pollardii Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. schottii (G. Watt) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum subsp. archetypicum (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. caespitosum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. latifolium (Murray) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mexicanum (Tod.) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mustelinum (G.Watt) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. paniculatum (Blanco) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum subsp. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum var. album Tod. Gossypium hirsutum var. chacoense (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. colombianum Mauer Gossypium hirsutum var. lanceolatum (Tod.) A. Aliotta Gossypium hirsutum var. macrocarpa Tod. Gossypium hirsutum var. marie-galante (G.Watt) J.B.Hutch. Gossypium hirsutum var. mexicanum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. micranthum (Cav.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. nervosum (G.Watt) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. paniculatum (Blanco) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. pellitum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. religiosum (L.) Watt Gossypium hirsutum var. schottii (G. Watt) Prokh. Gossypium hirsutum var. uliginosum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. volubile (Ram.Goyena) Roberty Gossypium tricuspidatum var. jamaicense (Macfad.) Mauer Gossypium tricuspidatum var. oligospermum (Macfad.) Mauer Gossypium jamaicense f. fruticulosum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense f. janiphifolium (Bello) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense f. lanceolatum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense Macfad. Gossypium janiphifolium Bello Gossypium lanceolatum Tod. Gossypium latifolium f. cearense Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. paniculatum Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. pseudoracemosum Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. tricuspidatum (Lam.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. archetypicum Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. paniculatum (Blanco) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. pseudovolubile Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. tricuspidatum (Lam.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium Murray Gossypium marie-galante G.Watt Gossypium nervosum G.Watt Gossypium nicaraguense Ram.Goyena Gossypium nigrum var. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. & Webb Gossypium palmeri G.Watt Gossypium parvifolium Nutt. ex Seem. Gossypium peruvianum f. marie-galante (Watt) Roberty Gossypium prostratum Schumach. & Thonn. Gossypium punctatum var. jamaica G.Watt Gossypium punctatum var. jamaicense (Macfad.) Watt Gossypium punctatum var. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Watt Gossypium purpurascens var. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Harland Gossypium purpurascens var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty Gossypium rhorii Tod. Gossypium rufum Scop. Gossypium schottii G.Watt Gossypium sericatum Prokh. Gossypium volubile Ram.Goyena Hibiscus fruticulosus (Tod.) Kuntze Hibiscus religiosus (L.) Kuntze Xylon religiosum (L.) Moench
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）棉属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高0.6-1.5米，小枝疏被长毛。叶阔卵形，直径5-12厘米，长、宽近相等或较宽，基部心形或心状截头形，常3浅裂，很少为5裂，中裂片常深裂达叶片之半，裂片宽三角状卵形，先端突渐尖，基部宽，上面近无毛，沿脉被粗毛，下面疏被长柔毛；叶柄长3-14厘米，疏被柔毛；托叶卵状镰形，长5-8毫米，早落。花单生于叶腋，花梗通常较叶柄略短；小苞片3，分离，基部心形，具腺体1个，边缘具7-9齿，连齿长达4厘米，宽约2.5厘米，被长硬毛和纤毛；花萼杯状，裂片5，三角形，具缘毛；花白色或淡黄色，后变淡红色或紫色，长2.5-3厘米；雄蕊柱长1. 2厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长3.5-5厘米，具喙，3-4室；种子分离，卵圆形，具白色长棉毛和灰白色不易剥离的短棉毛。花期夏秋季。
分布（Distribution）：原产美洲墨西哥，十九世纪末叶始传入我国栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 296, 297
Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 975. 1763.
陆地棉 lu di mian| Malvaceae | Gossypium
Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Todaro) Roberty; G. mexicanum Todaro; G. religiosum Linnaeus.
Herbs, annual, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous. Stipules ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm, caducous; petiole 3-14 cm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 3(-5)-lobed, 5-12 cm in diam., lobes broadly triangular to ovate-orbicular, base broad, central lobe usually 1/2 as long as leaf blade, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially nearly glabrous, scabrously hairy on veins, base cordate or cordate-truncate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel usually slightly shorter than petiole. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, to 4 × 2.5 cm (including teeth), hirsute and ciliate with long hairs, base cordate, with 1 gland, 7-9-toothed near apex, teeth 3 or 4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, ciliate. Corolla white or yellowish, fading to reddish or purple, funnelform; petals 4-5.5 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Staminal column 1-2 cm; filaments lax, upper ones longer. Capsule 3- or 4-celled, ovoid, 3.5-5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds free, ovoid, with white wool and gray-white moderately persistent short fuzz. Fl. summer-autumn.
Widely cultivated in China [probably of American origin (?Mexico), now cultivated throughout warmer parts of the world].
Gossypium hirsutum has replaced G. arboreum and G. herbaceum in the cotton-producing areas of China.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Gossypium hirsutum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：upland cotton
别名（Chinese Common Name）：陆地棉、大陆棉
异名（Synonym）：Gossypium mexicanum Tod. Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium barbadense var. marie-galante (G.Watt) A.Chev. Gossypium birkinshawii G.Watt Gossypium caespitosum Tod. Gossypium cavanillesianum Tod. Gossypium harrisii G.Watt Gossypium harrissii Watt Gossypium herbaceum var. hirsutum (L.) Mast. Gossypium herbaceum var. religiosum (L.) Hook. f. Gossypium hirsutum f. atrocoloratum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. berlandieri Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. cavelsenii Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. cearense (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. gaumeri Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. guatemaltequense Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. jamaicense (Macfad.) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum f. mustelinum (Miers) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. palmeri (G. Watt) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum f. pollardii Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum f. schottii (G. Watt) Wouters Gossypium hirsutum subsp. archetypicum (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. caespitosum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. latifolium (Murray) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mexicanum (Tod.) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mustelinum (G.Watt) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. paniculatum (Blanco) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum subsp. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum subsp. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Mauer Gossypium hirsutum var. album Tod. Gossypium hirsutum var. chacoense (Roberty) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. colombianum Mauer Gossypium hirsutum var. lanceolatum (Tod.) A. Aliotta Gossypium hirsutum var. macrocarpa Tod. Gossypium hirsutum var. marie-galante (G.Watt) J.B.Hutch. Gossypium hirsutum var. mexicanum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. micranthum (Cav.) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. nervosum (G.Watt) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. paniculatum (Blanco) Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. pellitum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. religiosum (L.) Watt Gossypium hirsutum var. schottii (G. Watt) Prokh. Gossypium hirsutum var. uliginosum Roberty Gossypium hirsutum var. volubile (Ram.Goyena) Roberty Gossypium tricuspidatum var. jamaicense (Macfad.) Mauer Gossypium tricuspidatum var. oligospermum (Macfad.) Mauer Gossypium jamaicense f. fruticulosum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense f. janiphifolium (Bello) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense f. lanceolatum (Tod.) Roberty Gossypium jamaicense Macfad. Gossypium janiphifolium Bello Gossypium lanceolatum Tod. Gossypium latifolium f. cearense Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. paniculatum Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. pseudoracemosum Roberty Gossypium latifolium f. tricuspidatum (Lam.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. archetypicum Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. paniculatum (Blanco) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. pseudovolubile Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium var. tricuspidatum (Lam.) Roberty Gossypium latifolium Murray Gossypium marie-galante G.Watt Gossypium nervosum G.Watt Gossypium nicaraguense Ram.Goyena Gossypium nigrum var. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook. f. & Webb Gossypium palmeri G.Watt Gossypium parvifolium Nutt. ex Seem. Gossypium peruvianum f. marie-galante (Watt) Roberty Gossypium prostratum Schumach. & Thonn. Gossypium punctatum var. jamaica G.Watt Gossypium punctatum var. jamaicense (Macfad.) Watt Gossypium punctatum var. prostratum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Watt Gossypium purpurascens var. punctatum (Schumach. & Thonn.) Harland Gossypium purpurascens var. taitense (Parl.) Roberty Gossypium rhorii Tod. Gossypium rufum Scop. Gossypium schottii G.Watt Gossypium sericatum Prokh. Gossypium volubile Ram.Goyena Hibiscus fruticulosus (Tod.) Kuntze Hibiscus religiosus (L.) Kuntze Xylon religiosum (L.) Moench
科属（Family & Genus）：锦葵科（Malvaceae）棉属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高0.6-1.5米，小枝疏被长毛。叶阔卵形，直径5-12厘米，长、宽近相等或较宽，基部心形或心状截头形，常3浅裂，很少为5裂，中裂片常深裂达叶片之半，裂片宽三角状卵形，先端突渐尖，基部宽，上面近无毛，沿脉被粗毛，下面疏被长柔毛；叶柄长3-14厘米，疏被柔毛；托叶卵状镰形，长5-8毫米，早落。花单生于叶腋，花梗通常较叶柄略短；小苞片3，分离，基部心形，具腺体1个，边缘具7-9齿，连齿长达4厘米，宽约2.5厘米，被长硬毛和纤毛；花萼杯状，裂片5，三角形，具缘毛；花白色或淡黄色，后变淡红色或紫色，长2.5-3厘米；雄蕊柱长1. 2厘米。蒴果卵圆形，长3.5-5厘米，具喙，3-4室；种子分离，卵圆形，具白色长棉毛和灰白色不易剥离的短棉毛。花期夏秋季。
分布（Distribution）：原产美洲墨西哥，十九世纪末叶始传入我国栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 296, 297
Gossypium hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 975. 1763.
陆地棉 lu di mian| Malvaceae | Gossypium
Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum (Todaro) Roberty; G. mexicanum Todaro; G. religiosum Linnaeus.
Herbs, annual, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous. Stipules ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm, caducous; petiole 3-14 cm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 3(-5)-lobed, 5-12 cm in diam., lobes broadly triangular to ovate-orbicular, base broad, central lobe usually 1/2 as long as leaf blade, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially nearly glabrous, scabrously hairy on veins, base cordate or cordate-truncate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel usually slightly shorter than petiole. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, to 4 × 2.5 cm (including teeth), hirsute and ciliate with long hairs, base cordate, with 1 gland, 7-9-toothed near apex, teeth 3 or 4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, ciliate. Corolla white or yellowish, fading to reddish or purple, funnelform; petals 4-5.5 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Staminal column 1-2 cm; filaments lax, upper ones longer. Capsule 3- or 4-celled, ovoid, 3.5-5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds free, ovoid, with white wool and gray-white moderately persistent short fuzz. Fl. summer-autumn.
Widely cultivated in China [probably of American origin (?Mexico), now cultivated throughout warmer parts of the world].
Gossypium hirsutum has replaced G. arboreum and G. herbaceum in the cotton-producing areas of China.
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