鳄梨Persea americana
中文名（Chinese Name）：鳄梨
学名（Scientific Name）：Persea americana Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：油梨、樟梨
异名（Synonym）：。Persea gratissima Gaertn. f. Laurus persea L. Persea persea (L.) Cockerell Persea americana var. angustifolia Miranda Persea americana var. drymifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) S.F.Blake Persea americana var. nubigena (L.O.Williams) L.E.Kopp Persea drymifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Persea edulis Raf. Persea floccosa Mez Persea gigantea L.O.Williams Persea gratissima var. drimyfolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) Mez Persea gratissima var. macrophylla Meisn. Persea gratissima var. oblonga Meisn. Persea gratissima var. praecox Nees Persea gratissima var. vulgaris Meisn. Persea leiogyna Blake Persea steyermarkii C.K.Allen Persea nubigena var. guatemalensis L.O.Williams Persea paucitriplinervia Lundell
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）鳄梨属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高约10米；树皮灰绿色，纵裂。叶互生，长椭圆形、椭圆形、卵形或倒卵形，长8-20厘米，宽5-12厘米，先端急尖，基部楔形、急尖至近圆形，革质，上面绿色，下面通常稍苍白色，幼时上面疏被下面极密被黄褐色短柔毛，老时上面变无毛下面疏被微柔毛，羽状脉，中脉在上面下部凹陷上部平坦，下面明显凸出，侧脉每边5-7条，在上面微隆起下面却十分凸出，横脉及细脉在上面明显下面凸出；叶柄长2-5厘米，腹面略具沟槽，略被短柔毛。聚伞状圆锥花序长8-14厘米，多数生于小枝的下部，具梗，总梗长4.5-7厘米，与各级序轴被黄褐色短柔毛；苞片及小苞片线形，长约2毫米，密被黄褐色短柔毛。花淡绿带黄色，长5-6毫米，花梗长达6毫米，密被黄褐色短柔毛。花被两面密被黄褐色短柔毛，花被筒倒锥形，长约1毫米，花被裂片6，长圆形，长4-5毫米，先端钝，外轮3枚略小，均花后增厚而早落。能育雄蕊9，长约4毫米，花丝丝状，扁平，密被疏柔毛，花药长圆形，先端钝，4室，第一、二轮雄蕊花丝无腺体，花药药室内向，第三轮雄蕊花丝基部有一对扁平橙色卵形腺体，花药药室外向。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，箭头状心形，长约0.6毫米，无毛，具柄，柄长约1.4毫米，被疏柔毛。子房卵球形，长约1.5毫米，密被疏柔毛，花柱长2.5毫米，密被疏柔毛，柱头略增大，盘状。果大，通常梨形，有时卵形或球形，长8-18厘米，黄绿色或红棕色，外果皮木栓质，中果皮肉质，可食。花期2-3月，果期8-9月
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲；我国南方有少量栽培。
用途（Use）：果实为一种营养价值很高的水果，含多种维生素、丰富的脂肪和蛋白质，钠、钾、镁、钙等含量也高，除作生果食用外也可作菜肴和罐头；果仁含脂肪油，为非干性油，有温和的香气，供食用、医药和化妆工业用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 227
Persea americana Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Persea. 1768.
鳄梨 e li| Lauraceae | Persea
Laurus persea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753; Persea gratissima C. F. Gaertner.
Evergreen trees, ca. 10 m tall. Bark gray-green, longitudinally fissured. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-5 cm, slightly sulcate adaxially, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade usually somewhat glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 8-20 × 5-12 cm, leathery, sparsely yellowish brown pubescent adaxially but very densely so abaxially when mature, midrib conspicuously elevated abaxially, impressed on lower part but plane on upper part adaxially, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, very elevated abaxially, slightly elevated adaxially, base cuneate or acute to subrounded, apex acute. Cymose panicles 8-14 cm, most of them inserted on lower part of branchlet, pedunculate; peduncle 4.5-7 cm, peduncle and rachis densely yellowish brown pubescent; bracts and bracteoles filiform, ca. 2 mm, densely yellowish brown pubescent. Pedicels up to 6 mm, densely yellowish brown pubescent. Flowers yellow-greenish, 5-6 mm. Perianth densely yellowish brown pubescent outside and inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes 6, oblong, 4-5 mm, obtuse, outer 3 smaller, all dilated after anthesis and caducous. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 4 mm; filaments filiform, complanate, densely pilose, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 complanate ovate and orange glands at base, others glandless; anthers 4-celled; cells introrse in 1st and 2nd whorls, extrorse in 3rd whorl. Staminodes 3, of innermost whorl, sagittate-cordate, ca. 0.6 mm, glabrous, stalked; stalk ca. 1.4 mm, pilose. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, densely pilose; style ca. 2.5 mm, densely pilose; stigma slightly dilated, discoid. Fruit yellow-green or reddish brown, large, usually pear-shaped, sometimes ovoid or globose, 8-18 cm; exocarp corky; mesocarp fleshy and edible. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Sep.
Cultivated on a small scale. Fujian (Fuzhou, Zhangzhou), Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shantou), Hainan (Haikou), Sichuan (Xichang), Taiwan, S Yunnan (Xishuangbanna) [native to tropical America; widely cultivated in tropical to warm-temperate regions elsewhere].
This species is a famous fruit tree (avocado).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Persea americana Mill.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：油梨、樟梨
异名（Synonym）：。Persea gratissima Gaertn. f. Laurus persea L. Persea persea (L.) Cockerell Persea americana var. angustifolia Miranda Persea americana var. drymifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) S.F.Blake Persea americana var. nubigena (L.O.Williams) L.E.Kopp Persea drymifolia Cham. & Schltdl. Persea edulis Raf. Persea floccosa Mez Persea gigantea L.O.Williams Persea gratissima var. drimyfolia (Schltdl. & Cham.) Mez Persea gratissima var. macrophylla Meisn. Persea gratissima var. oblonga Meisn. Persea gratissima var. praecox Nees Persea gratissima var. vulgaris Meisn. Persea leiogyna Blake Persea steyermarkii C.K.Allen Persea nubigena var. guatemalensis L.O.Williams Persea paucitriplinervia Lundell
科属（Family & Genus）：樟科（Lauraceae）鳄梨属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高约10米；树皮灰绿色，纵裂。叶互生，长椭圆形、椭圆形、卵形或倒卵形，长8-20厘米，宽5-12厘米，先端急尖，基部楔形、急尖至近圆形，革质，上面绿色，下面通常稍苍白色，幼时上面疏被下面极密被黄褐色短柔毛，老时上面变无毛下面疏被微柔毛，羽状脉，中脉在上面下部凹陷上部平坦，下面明显凸出，侧脉每边5-7条，在上面微隆起下面却十分凸出，横脉及细脉在上面明显下面凸出；叶柄长2-5厘米，腹面略具沟槽，略被短柔毛。聚伞状圆锥花序长8-14厘米，多数生于小枝的下部，具梗，总梗长4.5-7厘米，与各级序轴被黄褐色短柔毛；苞片及小苞片线形，长约2毫米，密被黄褐色短柔毛。花淡绿带黄色，长5-6毫米，花梗长达6毫米，密被黄褐色短柔毛。花被两面密被黄褐色短柔毛，花被筒倒锥形，长约1毫米，花被裂片6，长圆形，长4-5毫米，先端钝，外轮3枚略小，均花后增厚而早落。能育雄蕊9，长约4毫米，花丝丝状，扁平，密被疏柔毛，花药长圆形，先端钝，4室，第一、二轮雄蕊花丝无腺体，花药药室内向，第三轮雄蕊花丝基部有一对扁平橙色卵形腺体，花药药室外向。退化雄蕊3，位于最内轮，箭头状心形，长约0.6毫米，无毛，具柄，柄长约1.4毫米，被疏柔毛。子房卵球形，长约1.5毫米，密被疏柔毛，花柱长2.5毫米，密被疏柔毛，柱头略增大，盘状。果大，通常梨形，有时卵形或球形，长8-18厘米，黄绿色或红棕色，外果皮木栓质，中果皮肉质，可食。花期2-3月，果期8-9月
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲；我国南方有少量栽培。
用途（Use）：果实为一种营养价值很高的水果，含多种维生素、丰富的脂肪和蛋白质，钠、钾、镁、钙等含量也高，除作生果食用外也可作菜肴和罐头；果仁含脂肪油，为非干性油，有温和的香气，供食用、医药和化妆工业用。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 102, 227
Persea americana Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. Persea. 1768.
鳄梨 e li| Lauraceae | Persea
Laurus persea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 130. 1753; Persea gratissima C. F. Gaertner.
Evergreen trees, ca. 10 m tall. Bark gray-green, longitudinally fissured. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-5 cm, slightly sulcate adaxially, sparsely pubescent; leaf blade usually somewhat glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 8-20 × 5-12 cm, leathery, sparsely yellowish brown pubescent adaxially but very densely so abaxially when mature, midrib conspicuously elevated abaxially, impressed on lower part but plane on upper part adaxially, lateral veins 5-7 pairs, very elevated abaxially, slightly elevated adaxially, base cuneate or acute to subrounded, apex acute. Cymose panicles 8-14 cm, most of them inserted on lower part of branchlet, pedunculate; peduncle 4.5-7 cm, peduncle and rachis densely yellowish brown pubescent; bracts and bracteoles filiform, ca. 2 mm, densely yellowish brown pubescent. Pedicels up to 6 mm, densely yellowish brown pubescent. Flowers yellow-greenish, 5-6 mm. Perianth densely yellowish brown pubescent outside and inside; perianth tube obconical, ca. 1 mm; perianth lobes 6, oblong, 4-5 mm, obtuse, outer 3 smaller, all dilated after anthesis and caducous. Fertile stamens 9, ca. 4 mm; filaments filiform, complanate, densely pilose, those of 3rd whorl each with 2 complanate ovate and orange glands at base, others glandless; anthers 4-celled; cells introrse in 1st and 2nd whorls, extrorse in 3rd whorl. Staminodes 3, of innermost whorl, sagittate-cordate, ca. 0.6 mm, glabrous, stalked; stalk ca. 1.4 mm, pilose. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm, densely pilose; style ca. 2.5 mm, densely pilose; stigma slightly dilated, discoid. Fruit yellow-green or reddish brown, large, usually pear-shaped, sometimes ovoid or globose, 8-18 cm; exocarp corky; mesocarp fleshy and edible. Fl. Feb-Mar, fr. Aug-Sep.
Cultivated on a small scale. Fujian (Fuzhou, Zhangzhou), Guangdong (Guangzhou, Shantou), Hainan (Haikou), Sichuan (Xichang), Taiwan, S Yunnan (Xishuangbanna) [native to tropical America; widely cultivated in tropical to warm-temperate regions elsewhere].
This species is a famous fruit tree (avocado).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[1]
顶一下[7]