紫苏Perilla frutescens

中文名(Chinese Name):紫苏
学名(Scientific Name):Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton
英文名(English Common Name):beefsteakplant
别名(Chinese Common Name):赤苏、香苏
异名(Synonym):Melissa maxima Ard.  Perilla avium Dunn  Perilla ocymoides L.  Perilla urticaefolia Salisb.
科属Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)紫苏属
形态特征Description):一年生、直立草本。茎高0.3-2米,绿色或紫色,钝四棱形,具四槽,密被长柔毛。叶阔卵形或圆形,长7-13厘米,宽4.5-10厘米,先端短尖或突尖,基部圆形或阔楔形,边缘在基部以上有粗锯齿,膜质或草质,两面绿色或紫色,或仅下面紫色,上面被疏柔毛,下面被贴生柔毛,侧脉7-8对,位于下部者稍靠近,斜上升,与中脉在上面微突起下面明显突起,色稍淡;叶柄长3-5厘米,背腹扁平,密被长柔毛。轮伞花序2花,组成长1.5-15厘米、密被长柔毛、偏向一侧的顶生及腋生总状花序;苞片宽卵圆形或近圆形,长宽约4毫米,先端具短尖,外被红褐色腺点,无毛,边缘膜质;花梗长1.5毫米,密被柔毛。花萼钟形,10脉,长约3毫米,直伸,下部被长柔毛,夹有黄色腺点,内面喉部有疏柔毛环,结果时增大,长至1.1厘米,平伸或下垂,基部一边肿胀,萼檐二唇形,上唇宽大,3齿,中齿较小,下唇比上唇稍长,2齿,齿披针形。花冠白色至紫红色,长3-4毫米,外面略被微柔毛,内面在下唇片基部略被微柔毛,冠筒短,长2-2.5毫米,喉部斜钟形,冠檐近二唇形,上唇微缺,下唇3裂,中裂片较大,侧裂片与上唇相近似。雄蕊4,几不伸出,前对稍长,离生,插生喉部,花丝扁平,花药2室,室平行,其后略叉开或极叉开。花柱先端相等2浅裂。花盘前方呈指状膨大。小坚果近球形,灰褐色,直径约1.5毫米,具网纹。花期8-11月,果期8-12月。
分布(Distribution):全国各地广泛栽培。不丹、印度、中南半岛、南至印度尼西亚、东至日本、朝鲜也有。
用途(Use):供药用和香料用。
引自植物志英文版 FOC Vol. 17
Perilla frutescens (Linnaeus) Britton, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club. 5: 277. 1894.
紫苏 zi su
Herbs erect. Stems 0.3-2 m tall, green or purple, finely pilose or densely villous. Petiole 3-5 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to circular, 4.5-13 × 2.8-10 cm, green, purplish, or purple-black, pilose or adaxially pilose, abaxially appressed villous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, margin narrowly to coarsely serrate, apex short acuminate or mucronate. Verticillasters 1.5-15 cm, densely villous; bracts ca. 4 × 4 mm, short acuminate, red-brown glandular. Pedicel ca. 1.5 mm, densely villous. Calyx ca. 3 mm, erect, base villous, yellow glandular, lower lip longer than upper lip; fruiting calyx 4-11 mm, base villous or pilose, glandular. Corolla 3-4 mm, slightly puberulent, tube 2-2.5 mm. Nutlets gray-brown or tawny, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Fl. Aug-Nov, fr. Aug-Dec.
Waste areas, cultivated in gardens. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia (Java), Japan, Korea, Laos, Vietnam]
紫苏Perilla frutescens

紫苏Perilla frutescens

紫苏Perilla frutescens(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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