甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum

中文名(Chinese Name):甘蔗
学名(Scientific Name):Saccharum officinarum L.
英文名(English Common Name):sugarcane
别名(Chinese Common Name):秀贵甘蔗
异名(Synonym):Saccharifera officinalis Stokes  Saccharum infirmum Steud.  Saccharum occidentale Sw.  Saccharum officinale Salisb.  Saccharum officinarum var. giganteum Kunth  Saccharum officinarum var. tahitense Andersson  Saccharum officinarum var. oceanicum Endl.  Saccharum officinarum var. purpureum Kunth  Saccharum luzonicum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum rubicundum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. jamaicense Sickenb.  Saccharum atrorubens Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. glabrum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum glabrum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. violaceum Pers.  Saccharum officinarum var. luzonicum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. fragile Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. obscurum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. atrorubens Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum fragile Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum officinarum var. otaheitense Roem. & Schult.  Saccharum officinarum var. rubicundum Cuzent & Pancher ex Drake  Saccharum spontaneum subsp. luzonicum Hack.  Saccharum hybridum R.M.Grey  Arundo saccharifera Garsault  Saccharum violaceum Tussac  Saccharum officinarum var. genuinum Hack.  Saccharum officinarum var. litteratum-breve Hassk.  Saccharum officinarum var. luridum Hassk.  Saccharum officinarum var. brevipedicellatum Hack.  Saccharum officinarum var. luteum-durum Hassk.  Saccharum officinarum var. rubrum-altum Hassk.  Saccharum officinarum var. rubrum-humile Hassk.  Saccharum officinarum var. officinarum
科属Family & Genus):禾本科(Gramineae)甘蔗属
形态特征Description):多年生高大实心草本。根状茎粗壮发达。秆高3-5(-6)米。直径2-4(-5)厘米,具20-40节,下部节间较短而粗大,被白粉。叶鞘长于其节间,除鞘口具柔毛外余无毛;叶舌极短,生纤毛,叶片长达1米,宽4-6厘米,无毛,中脉粗壮,白色,边缘具锯齿状粗糙。圆锥花序大型,长50厘米左右,主轴除节具毛外余无毛,在花序以下部分不具丝状柔毛;总状花序多数轮生,稠密;总状花序轴节间与小穗柄无毛;小穗线状长圆形,长3.5-4毫米;基盘具长于小穗2-3倍的丝状柔毛;第一颖脊间无脉,不具柔毛,顶端尖,边缘膜质;第二颖具3脉,中脉成脊,粗糙,无毛或具纤毛;第一外稃膜质,与颖近等长,无毛;第二外稃微小,无芒或退化;第二内稃披针形;鳞被无毛。
分布(Distribution):我国南方热带地区广泛种植。
用途(Use):茎秆为重要的制糖原料。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 577, 579      
Saccharum officinarum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753.
甘蔗 gan zhe | Poaceae  | Saccharum
Perennial, forming tall clumps. Culms 3–6 m tall, 2–5 cm in diam., 20–40-noded, solid, nodes glabrous, glabrous below inflorescence. Leaf sheaths glabrous, pilose at mouth; leaf blades 70–150 × 4–6 cm, usually glabrous, midrib large, white, margins sharply serrate, base rounded, apex acuminate; ligule 2–3 mm, ciliate. Panicle 50–100 cm, axis glabrous but pilose at nodes; racemes 10–25 cm; rachis internodes 3–6 mm, glabrous. Spikelets 3.5–4 mm; callus hairs 2–3 times length of spikelet; lower glume oblong, uniformly firm throughout, buff-colored, back glabrous, margins membranous and ciliate above, apex acuminate; lower lemma oblong-lanceolate, subequal to glumes; upper lemma linear, awnless. Lodicules glabrous. Anthers 3. Fl. and fr. autumn. 2n = 80.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan [SE Asia, Pacific Islands; widely cultivated elsewhere].
This is the commercial crop sugarcane, now widely cultivated in tropical regions of the world. Most present-day cultivars contain genes from Saccharum spontaneum. Sugar is extracted from the soft, central tissue of the culm. The dyed inflorescence is used as an ornament.
甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum

甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum

甘蔗 Saccharum officinarum
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