海滨月见草Oenothera drummondii

中文名(Chinese Name):海滨月见草
学名(Scientific Name):Oenothera drummondii Hook.
英文名(English Common Name):beach evening primrose
别名(Chinese Common Name):海芙蓉
异名(Synonym):Oenothera littoralis Schlect.  Raimannia drummondii (Hook.) Rose ex Sprague & Riley
科属(Family & Genus):柳叶菜科(Onagraceae)月见草属
形态特征(Description):直立或平铺一年生至多年生草本,具径不过1厘米的主根;茎长20-50厘米,不分枝或分枝,被白色或带紫色的曲柔毛与长柔毛,有时在上部有腺毛。基生叶灰绿色,狭倒披针形至椭圆形,长5-12厘米,宽1-2厘米,先端锐尖,基部渐狭或骤狭至叶柄,边缘疏生浅齿至全缘,两面被白色或紫色的曲柔毛与长柔毛;叶柄0-4毫米;茎生叶狭倒卵形至倒披针形,有时椭圆形或卵形,长3-7厘米,宽0.5-1.8厘米,先端锐尖至浑圆,基部渐狭或骤狭至叶柄,边缘疏生浅齿至全缘,稀在下部呈羽裂状,毛被同基生叶的;叶柄长0-3毫米。花序穗状,疏生茎枝顶端,有时下部有少数分枝,通常每日傍晚开一朵花;苞片狭椭圆形至狭倒披针形,长1-5厘米,宽0.5-1.5厘米。花蕾锥状披针形或狭卵形,长1.5-2.5厘米,径7-11毫米;花管长2.5-5厘米,径约1.5毫米,开放前向上曲伸,密被曲柔毛与长柔毛,常混生腺毛;萼片绿色或黄绿色,开放时边缘带红色,披针形,长2-3厘米,毛被同花管的,先端游离萼齿长1-3毫米;花瓣黄色,宽倒卵形,长2-4厘米,宽2.5-4.5厘米,先端截形或微凹;花丝长1-2.2厘米;花药长5-12毫米,花粉约90%-100%发育;子房长1.2-2.5厘米,径约1.5厘米,密被曲柔毛与长柔毛,有时混生腺毛;花柱长5-7厘米,伸出花管部分长2.5-3.5厘米;柱头开花时高过花药,裂片长5-10毫米。蒴果圆柱状,长2.5-5.5厘米,径2-3毫米,毛被同子房上的。种子椭圆状,长1-1.7毫米,径0.5-0.8毫米,褐色,表面具整齐洼点。花期5-8月,果期8-11月。
分布(Distribution):原产美国大西洋海岸与墨西哥湾海岸,我国福建、广东等有栽培,并在沿海海滨野化。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 13 Page 423, 425
Oenothera drummondii Hooker, Bot. Mag. 61: t. 3361. 1834.
海滨月见草 hai bin yue jian cao| Onagraceae  | Oenothera
Oenothera littoralis Schlechtendal.
Herbs erect to procumbent, annual to perennial, usually without rosette, often with decumbent lateral branches terminating in a rosette. Stems 10-50 cm tall, stiff, simple or branched, densely strigillose, sometimes also villous, glandular puberulous on inflorescence. Leaves grayish green, with inconspicuous veins, densely strigillose, sometimes also glandular puberulous, sessile above, petioles 2-12 mm below; basal blade 5-14 × 1-2 cm; cauline blade narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic to broadly obovate, 1-8 × 0.5-2.5 cm, base attenuate, margin shallowly dentate to subentire, rarely lyrate, apex acute to rounded. Inflorescence a lax open spike. Flowers open near sunset, one per stem per day; floral tube 2.5-5 cm, upcurved in bud. Sepals 1.3-3.3 cm, with free tips 1-3 mm, apical, erect and appressed. Petals yellow, 2-4.5 cm. Anthers 4-12 mm; pollen 90%-100% fertile. Ovary densely strigillose to villous, sometimes also glandular puberulous; stigma exserted above anthers. Capsules cylindric, 2.5-5.5 cm, sessile. Seeds in two rows per locule, brown with darker flecks, ellipsoid to suborbicular, 1.1- 1.7 mm, pitted. Fl. May-Nov, fr. Jun-Dec. 2n = 14; self- compatible, modally outcrossing.
Coastal dunes and other sandy, often disturbed areas; near sea level to 400 m. Fujian, Guangdong [North America: native to coastal areas of SE United States and NE Mexico, naturalized in Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America].
海滨月见草Oenothera drummondii

海滨月见草Oenothera drummondii

海滨月见草Oenothera drummondii

海滨月见草Oenothera drummondii(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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