二月兰Orychophragmus violaceus
中文名（Chinese Name）：二月兰
学名（Scientific Name）：Orychophragmus violaceus (Linn.) O. E. Schulz
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：诸葛菜
异名（Synonym）：Orychophragmus violaceus var. hupehensis (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. intermedius (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. lasiocarpus Migo Arabis chanetii Lévl. Brassica violacea L. Cardamine potentillifolia H. Lév. Moricandia sonchifolia (Bunge) Hook. f. Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. subintegrifolius Pamp. Orychophragmus taibaiensis Z. M. Tan et B. Z. Zhao Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. hupehensis Pamp. Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. intermedius Pamp. Orychophragmus diffusus Z. M. Tan et J. M. Xu Orychophragmus hupehensis (Pamp.) Z. M. Tan et X. L. Zhang Orychophragmus sonchifolius Bunge Raphanus chanetii H. Lév. Raphanus violaceus (L.) Crantz Raphanus courtoisii H. Lév. Moricandia sonchifolia var. homaeophylla Hance Orychophragmus violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hance) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. subintegrifolius (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. violaceus (L.) O.E. Schulz
科属（Family & Genus）：十字花科,Cruciferae,诸葛菜属,Orychophragmus violaceus
形态特征（Description）：一年或二年生草本，高10-50厘米，无毛；茎单一，直立，基部或上部稍有分枝，浅绿色或带紫色。基生叶及下部茎生叶大头羽状全裂，顶裂片近圆形或短卵形，长3-7厘米，宽2-3.5厘米，顶端钝，基部心形，有钝齿，侧裂片2-6对，卵形或三角状卵形，长3-10毫米，越向下越小，偶在叶轴上杂有极小裂片，全缘或有牙齿，叶柄长2-4厘米，疏生细柔毛；上部叶长圆形或窄卵形，长4-9厘米，顶端急尖，基部耳状，抱茎，边缘有不整齐牙齿。花紫色、浅红色或褪成白色，直径2-4厘米；花梗长5-10毫米；花萼筒状，紫色，萼片长约3毫米；花瓣宽倒卵形，长1-1.5厘米，宽7-15毫米，密生细脉纹，爪长3-6毫米。长角果线形，长7-10厘米。具4棱，裂瓣有1凸出中脊，喙长1.5-2.5厘米；果梗长8-15毫米。种子卵形至长圆形，长约2毫米.稍扁平，黑棕色，有纵条纹。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产辽宁、河北、山西、山东、河南、安徽、浙江、湖北、江西、陕西、甘肃及四川。生于平原、山地、路旁或地旁。朝鲜也有。
用途（Use）：嫩茎叶用开水泡后，再放在冷开水中浸泡，直至无苦味时即可炒食。种子可榨油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 8 Page 27
Orychophragmus violaceus (Linnaeus) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl 119): 56. 1916.
诸葛菜 zhu ge cai | Brassicaceae | Orychophragmus
Brassica violacea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 667. 1753; Arabis chanetii H. Léveillé; Cardamine potentillifolia H. Léveillé; Moricandia sonchifolia (Bunge) J. D. Hooker; M. sonchifolia var. homaeophylla Hance; Orychophragmus diffusus Z. M. Tan & J. M. Xu; O. hupehensis (Pampanini) Z. M. Tan & X. L. Zhang; O. sonchifolius Bunge; O. sonchifolius var. hupehensis Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. intermedius Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. subintegrifolius Pampanini; O. taibaiensis Z. M. Tan & B. Z. Zhao; O. violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hance) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. hupehensis (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. intermedius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. lasiocarpus Migo; O. violaceus var. subintegrifolius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; Raphanus chanetii H. Léveillé; R. courtoisii H. Léveillé; R. violaceus (Linnaeus) Crantz.
Herbs annual or biennial, (6-)15-60(-90) cm tall. Stems erect, simple or branched at base, often branched above, straight, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (1-)2-8(-11) cm; blade or terminal leaf lobe cordate, reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, (0.4-)1.5-10(-14) × (0.3-)1-4(-7) cm, glabrous or pilose, base cordate or rarely obtuse, margin coarsely crenate with teeth ending in apiculae, apex acute or obtuse; lateral lobes 1-6 on each side, sessile or petiolulate, to 3 × 2 cm, sometimes absent. Uppermost cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul, sessile or petiolate, (0.5-)2-9(-15) × (0.2-)1-6(-9) cm, margin coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; auricles to 3 × 4 cm; lateral lobes absent or 1-4 on each side, sessile or petiolulate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, glabrous or pilose, narrower than fruit, (0.6-)0.8-2(-3) cm. Sepals linear, erect, connivent, (0.6-)0.8-1.3(-1.6) cm × 1.5-2.5 mm, base of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals deep purple, lavender, or white, broadly obovate, (1.2-)1.6-2.5(-3.2) cm × (4-)5-9(-11) mm, apex rounded; claw as long as sepals. Filaments 0.8-1.8 cm; anthers linear, (3-)4-6(-8) mm, distinctly apiculate. Ovules (20-)40-70 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, stout, terete or somewhat 4-angled, (3-)4.5-11(-13) cm × 1.5-3 mm; valves glabrous or densely hirsute, torulose, usually with a prominent midvein; style (0.3-)0.7-3(-5.5) cm; stigma slightly to distinctly 2-lobed, lobes decurrent. Seeds oblong, 2-3(-3.5) × 1-2 mm. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24.
Roadsides, gardens, forests, fields, thickets, valleys, hillsides, sunny slopes; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea; naturalized in Japan].
An examination of the holotype of Arabis chanetii readily reveals that the name is a synonym of Orychophragmus violaceus. The former was recognized as a distinct species of Arabis in FRPS and in Fl. Hebei. (1: 538. 1986).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Orychophragmus violaceus (Linn.) O. E. Schulz
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：诸葛菜
异名（Synonym）：Orychophragmus violaceus var. hupehensis (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. intermedius (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. lasiocarpus Migo Arabis chanetii Lévl. Brassica violacea L. Cardamine potentillifolia H. Lév. Moricandia sonchifolia (Bunge) Hook. f. Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. subintegrifolius Pamp. Orychophragmus taibaiensis Z. M. Tan et B. Z. Zhao Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. hupehensis Pamp. Orychophragmus sonchifolius var. intermedius Pamp. Orychophragmus diffusus Z. M. Tan et J. M. Xu Orychophragmus hupehensis (Pamp.) Z. M. Tan et X. L. Zhang Orychophragmus sonchifolius Bunge Raphanus chanetii H. Lév. Raphanus violaceus (L.) Crantz Raphanus courtoisii H. Lév. Moricandia sonchifolia var. homaeophylla Hance Orychophragmus violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hance) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. subintegrifolius (Pamp.) O. E. Schulz Orychophragmus violaceus var. violaceus (L.) O.E. Schulz
科属（Family & Genus）：十字花科,Cruciferae,诸葛菜属,Orychophragmus violaceus
形态特征（Description）：一年或二年生草本，高10-50厘米，无毛；茎单一，直立，基部或上部稍有分枝，浅绿色或带紫色。基生叶及下部茎生叶大头羽状全裂，顶裂片近圆形或短卵形，长3-7厘米，宽2-3.5厘米，顶端钝，基部心形，有钝齿，侧裂片2-6对，卵形或三角状卵形，长3-10毫米，越向下越小，偶在叶轴上杂有极小裂片，全缘或有牙齿，叶柄长2-4厘米，疏生细柔毛；上部叶长圆形或窄卵形，长4-9厘米，顶端急尖，基部耳状，抱茎，边缘有不整齐牙齿。花紫色、浅红色或褪成白色，直径2-4厘米；花梗长5-10毫米；花萼筒状，紫色，萼片长约3毫米；花瓣宽倒卵形，长1-1.5厘米，宽7-15毫米，密生细脉纹，爪长3-6毫米。长角果线形，长7-10厘米。具4棱，裂瓣有1凸出中脊，喙长1.5-2.5厘米；果梗长8-15毫米。种子卵形至长圆形，长约2毫米.稍扁平，黑棕色，有纵条纹。花期4-5月，果期5-6月。
分布（Distribution）：产辽宁、河北、山西、山东、河南、安徽、浙江、湖北、江西、陕西、甘肃及四川。生于平原、山地、路旁或地旁。朝鲜也有。
用途（Use）：嫩茎叶用开水泡后，再放在冷开水中浸泡，直至无苦味时即可炒食。种子可榨油。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 8 Page 27
Orychophragmus violaceus (Linnaeus) O. E. Schulz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl 119): 56. 1916.
诸葛菜 zhu ge cai | Brassicaceae | Orychophragmus
Brassica violacea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 667. 1753; Arabis chanetii H. Léveillé; Cardamine potentillifolia H. Léveillé; Moricandia sonchifolia (Bunge) J. D. Hooker; M. sonchifolia var. homaeophylla Hance; Orychophragmus diffusus Z. M. Tan & J. M. Xu; O. hupehensis (Pampanini) Z. M. Tan & X. L. Zhang; O. sonchifolius Bunge; O. sonchifolius var. hupehensis Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. intermedius Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. subintegrifolius Pampanini; O. taibaiensis Z. M. Tan & B. Z. Zhao; O. violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hance) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. hupehensis (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. intermedius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. lasiocarpus Migo; O. violaceus var. subintegrifolius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; Raphanus chanetii H. Léveillé; R. courtoisii H. Léveillé; R. violaceus (Linnaeus) Crantz.
Herbs annual or biennial, (6-)15-60(-90) cm tall. Stems erect, simple or branched at base, often branched above, straight, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (1-)2-8(-11) cm; blade or terminal leaf lobe cordate, reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, (0.4-)1.5-10(-14) × (0.3-)1-4(-7) cm, glabrous or pilose, base cordate or rarely obtuse, margin coarsely crenate with teeth ending in apiculae, apex acute or obtuse; lateral lobes 1-6 on each side, sessile or petiolulate, to 3 × 2 cm, sometimes absent. Uppermost cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul, sessile or petiolate, (0.5-)2-9(-15) × (0.2-)1-6(-9) cm, margin coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; auricles to 3 × 4 cm; lateral lobes absent or 1-4 on each side, sessile or petiolulate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, glabrous or pilose, narrower than fruit, (0.6-)0.8-2(-3) cm. Sepals linear, erect, connivent, (0.6-)0.8-1.3(-1.6) cm × 1.5-2.5 mm, base of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals deep purple, lavender, or white, broadly obovate, (1.2-)1.6-2.5(-3.2) cm × (4-)5-9(-11) mm, apex rounded; claw as long as sepals. Filaments 0.8-1.8 cm; anthers linear, (3-)4-6(-8) mm, distinctly apiculate. Ovules (20-)40-70 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, stout, terete or somewhat 4-angled, (3-)4.5-11(-13) cm × 1.5-3 mm; valves glabrous or densely hirsute, torulose, usually with a prominent midvein; style (0.3-)0.7-3(-5.5) cm; stigma slightly to distinctly 2-lobed, lobes decurrent. Seeds oblong, 2-3(-3.5) × 1-2 mm. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24.
Roadsides, gardens, forests, fields, thickets, valleys, hillsides, sunny slopes; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea; naturalized in Japan].
An examination of the holotype of Arabis chanetii readily reveals that the name is a synonym of Orychophragmus violaceus. The former was recognized as a distinct species of Arabis in FRPS and in Fl. Hebei. (1: 538. 1986).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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