毛草龙 Ludwigia octovalvis
中文名（Chinese Name）：毛草龙
学名（Scientific Name）：Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican primrose-willow
别名（Chinese Common Name）：水丁香
异名（Synonym）：Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora (Mich.) P. H. Raven Jussiaea octonervia f. seeilifora Michli Jussiaea pubescens L. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Jussiaea villosa Lam. Ludwigia pubescens (L.) Hara Jussiaea angustifolia Lam. Jussiaea octonervia Lam. Jussiaea octovalvis (Jacq.) Swartz Oenothera octovalvis Jacquem. Epilobium fruticosum Lour. Jussiaea calycina C. Presl Jussiaea clavata Jones Jussiaea didymosperma H. Perrier Jussiaea frutescens Jacq. f. ex DC. Jussiaea fruticosa (Lour.) DC. Jussiaea haenkeana Steud. Jussiaea hirsuta Mill. Jussiaea ligustrifolia Kunth Jussiaea macropoda C. Presl Jussiaea occidentalis Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Jussiaea octofila DC. Jussiaea octonervia f. sessiliflora Micheli Jussiaea octonervia var. sessiliflora Micheli Jussiaea ovalifolia Sims Jussiaea persicariaefolia f. major Schltdl. Jussiaea peruviana var. octofila (DC.) Bertoni Ludwigia sagreana (A. Rich.) M. Gómez Jussiaea sagreana A. Rich. Jussiaea suffruticosa f. angustifolia (Lam.) Alston Jussiaea suffruticosa f. linearifolia (Hassl.) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa f. villosa (Lam.) Alston Jussiaea suffruticosa var. angustifolia Kuntze Jussiaea suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Griseb. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. linearifolia Hassl. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. macropoda (C. Presl) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octofila (DC.) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octonervia (Lam.) Bertoni Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sessiliflora (Micheli) Hassl. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sintenisii Urb. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. subglabra Thwaites ex Trimen Jussiaea venosa C. Presl Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. macropoda (C. Presl) P.H. Raven Ludwigia octovalvis var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Alain Ludwigia octovalvis var. octofila (DC.) Alain Ludwigia octovalvis var. sessiliflora (Micheli) Shinners Ludwigia pubescens var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) H. Hara Ludwigia pubescens var. sessiliflora (Micheli) H. Hara
科属（Family & Genus）：柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）丁香蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生粗壮直立草本，有时基部木质化，甚至亚灌木状，高50-200厘米，粗5-18毫米，多分枝，稍具纵棱，常被伸展的黄褐色粗毛。叶披针形至线状披针形，长4-12厘米，宽 0.5-2.5厘米，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部渐狭，侧脉每侧9-17条，在近边缘处环结，两面被黄褐色粗毛，边缘具毛；叶柄长至5毫米，或无柄；托叶小，三角状卵形，长至3毫米，或近退化。萼片4，卵形，长6-9毫米，宽3-5毫米，先端渐尖，基出3脉，两面被粗毛；花瓣黄色，倒卵状楔星，长7-14毫米，宽6-10毫米，先端钝圆形或微凹，基部楔形，具侧脉4-5对；雄蕊8，花丝长2-3毫米；花药宽长圆形，长0.8-1.5毫米；开花时以四合花粉授于柱头上；花柱与雄蕊，尤与内轮的雄蕊近等长，较外轮的稍短；柱头近头状，浅4裂，径1.2-2毫米；花盘隆起，基部围以白毛，子房圆柱状，密被粗毛。蒴果圆柱状，具8条棱，绿色至紫红色，长2.5-3.5厘米，粗3-5毫米，被粗毛，熟时迅速并不规则地室背开裂；果梗长3-10毫米。种子每室多列，离生，近球状或倒卵状，一侧稍内陷，径0.6-0.7毫米，种脊明显，与种子近等长，表面具横条纹。花期6-8月，果期8-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、云南，生于海拔750米以下田边、湖塘边、沟谷旁及开旷湿润处。亚洲、非洲、大洋洲、南美洲及太平洋岛屿热带与亚热带广泛地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 401
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacquin) P. H. Raven, Kew Bull. 15: 476. 1962.
毛草龙 mao cao long| Onagraceae | Ludwigia
Oenothera octovalvis Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 19. 1760; Jussiaea angustifolia Lamarck; J. octonervia Lamarck; J. octonervia f. sessiliflora Micheli; J. octovalvis (Jacquin) Swartz; J. pubescens Linnaeus; J. suffruticosa Linnaeus; J. suffruticosa f. angustifolia (Lamarck) Alston; J. suffruticosa var. subglabra Thwaites ex Trimen; J. suffruticosa f. villosa (Lamarck) Alston; J. villosa Lamarck; Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) P. H. Raven; L. pubescens (Linnaeus) H. Hara.
Herbs robust, erect, perennial, sometimes woody at base or even shrubby. Stems 25-400 cm tall, well-branched, densely spreading pubescent at least on upper stem, or puberulous or subglabrous. Petiole 1-10 mm; leaf blade linear to subovate, 1-14 × 0.3-4 cm, lateral veins 11-20 per side, submarginal vein prominent, base narrowly or broadly cuneate, apex attenuate. Sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, 6-15 mm. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 6-17 × 5-17 mm. Stamens 8; filaments 1-4 mm; anthers 1.2-4 mm; pollen in tetrads. Style 1.5-3.5 mm; stigma subglobose, shallowly 4-lobed. Capsule pale brown with 8 darker ribs, cylindric, terete, 1.7-4.5 cm, 2-8 mm in diam., thinly walled, readily and irregularly loculicidal; pedicel 1-10 mm. Seeds in 2 or more rows per locule, free, brown, 0.6-0.75 mm, raphe inflated and equal in size to seed body, evenly transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Jan-Dec. 2n = 32, 48*.
Moist to wet places along streams, ponds, or lakes, often on disturbed and/or cultivated sites, common and widespread; near sea level to 2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam; widespread throughout Africa, S, SE, and SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, Pacific islands, South America].
The pattern of variation in this cosmopolitan species is extremely complex and needs further careful analysis; in the absence of a more definitive treatment, we have abandoned the subspecies recognized by Raven (Reinwardtia 6: 327-427. 1963). The three other species recog nized in Ludwigia sect. Macrocarpon (Micheli) H. Hara occur only in the Neotropics, as do most species in the presumably related L. sect. Myrtocarpus (Munz) H. Hara, which suggests that this widespread species may have arisen there and spread worldwide, presumably assisted by human activities.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican primrose-willow
别名（Chinese Common Name）：水丁香
异名（Synonym）：Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora (Mich.) P. H. Raven Jussiaea octonervia f. seeilifora Michli Jussiaea pubescens L. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. Jussiaea villosa Lam. Ludwigia pubescens (L.) Hara Jussiaea angustifolia Lam. Jussiaea octonervia Lam. Jussiaea octovalvis (Jacq.) Swartz Oenothera octovalvis Jacquem. Epilobium fruticosum Lour. Jussiaea calycina C. Presl Jussiaea clavata Jones Jussiaea didymosperma H. Perrier Jussiaea frutescens Jacq. f. ex DC. Jussiaea fruticosa (Lour.) DC. Jussiaea haenkeana Steud. Jussiaea hirsuta Mill. Jussiaea ligustrifolia Kunth Jussiaea macropoda C. Presl Jussiaea occidentalis Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray Jussiaea octofila DC. Jussiaea octonervia f. sessiliflora Micheli Jussiaea octonervia var. sessiliflora Micheli Jussiaea ovalifolia Sims Jussiaea persicariaefolia f. major Schltdl. Jussiaea peruviana var. octofila (DC.) Bertoni Ludwigia sagreana (A. Rich.) M. Gómez Jussiaea sagreana A. Rich. Jussiaea suffruticosa f. angustifolia (Lam.) Alston Jussiaea suffruticosa f. linearifolia (Hassl.) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa f. villosa (Lam.) Alston Jussiaea suffruticosa var. angustifolia Kuntze Jussiaea suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Griseb. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. linearifolia Hassl. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. macropoda (C. Presl) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octofila (DC.) Munz Jussiaea suffruticosa var. octonervia (Lam.) Bertoni Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sessiliflora (Micheli) Hassl. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. sintenisii Urb. Jussiaea suffruticosa var. subglabra Thwaites ex Trimen Jussiaea venosa C. Presl Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. macropoda (C. Presl) P.H. Raven Ludwigia octovalvis var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Alain Ludwigia octovalvis var. octofila (DC.) Alain Ludwigia octovalvis var. sessiliflora (Micheli) Shinners Ludwigia pubescens var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) H. Hara Ludwigia pubescens var. sessiliflora (Micheli) H. Hara
科属（Family & Genus）：柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）丁香蓼属
形态特征（Description）：多年生粗壮直立草本，有时基部木质化，甚至亚灌木状，高50-200厘米，粗5-18毫米，多分枝，稍具纵棱，常被伸展的黄褐色粗毛。叶披针形至线状披针形，长4-12厘米，宽 0.5-2.5厘米，先端渐尖或长渐尖，基部渐狭，侧脉每侧9-17条，在近边缘处环结，两面被黄褐色粗毛，边缘具毛；叶柄长至5毫米，或无柄；托叶小，三角状卵形，长至3毫米，或近退化。萼片4，卵形，长6-9毫米，宽3-5毫米，先端渐尖，基出3脉，两面被粗毛；花瓣黄色，倒卵状楔星，长7-14毫米，宽6-10毫米，先端钝圆形或微凹，基部楔形，具侧脉4-5对；雄蕊8，花丝长2-3毫米；花药宽长圆形，长0.8-1.5毫米；开花时以四合花粉授于柱头上；花柱与雄蕊，尤与内轮的雄蕊近等长，较外轮的稍短；柱头近头状，浅4裂，径1.2-2毫米；花盘隆起，基部围以白毛，子房圆柱状，密被粗毛。蒴果圆柱状，具8条棱，绿色至紫红色，长2.5-3.5厘米，粗3-5毫米，被粗毛，熟时迅速并不规则地室背开裂；果梗长3-10毫米。种子每室多列，离生，近球状或倒卵状，一侧稍内陷，径0.6-0.7毫米，种脊明显，与种子近等长，表面具横条纹。花期6-8月，果期8-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、浙江、福建、台湾、广东、香港、海南、广西、云南，生于海拔750米以下田边、湖塘边、沟谷旁及开旷湿润处。亚洲、非洲、大洋洲、南美洲及太平洋岛屿热带与亚热带广泛地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 401
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacquin) P. H. Raven, Kew Bull. 15: 476. 1962.
毛草龙 mao cao long| Onagraceae | Ludwigia
Oenothera octovalvis Jacquin, Enum. Syst. Pl. 19. 1760; Jussiaea angustifolia Lamarck; J. octonervia Lamarck; J. octonervia f. sessiliflora Micheli; J. octovalvis (Jacquin) Swartz; J. pubescens Linnaeus; J. suffruticosa Linnaeus; J. suffruticosa f. angustifolia (Lamarck) Alston; J. suffruticosa var. subglabra Thwaites ex Trimen; J. suffruticosa f. villosa (Lamarck) Alston; J. villosa Lamarck; Ludwigia octovalvis subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) P. H. Raven; L. pubescens (Linnaeus) H. Hara.
Herbs robust, erect, perennial, sometimes woody at base or even shrubby. Stems 25-400 cm tall, well-branched, densely spreading pubescent at least on upper stem, or puberulous or subglabrous. Petiole 1-10 mm; leaf blade linear to subovate, 1-14 × 0.3-4 cm, lateral veins 11-20 per side, submarginal vein prominent, base narrowly or broadly cuneate, apex attenuate. Sepals 4, ovate or lanceolate, 6-15 mm. Petals yellow, broadly obovate, 6-17 × 5-17 mm. Stamens 8; filaments 1-4 mm; anthers 1.2-4 mm; pollen in tetrads. Style 1.5-3.5 mm; stigma subglobose, shallowly 4-lobed. Capsule pale brown with 8 darker ribs, cylindric, terete, 1.7-4.5 cm, 2-8 mm in diam., thinly walled, readily and irregularly loculicidal; pedicel 1-10 mm. Seeds in 2 or more rows per locule, free, brown, 0.6-0.75 mm, raphe inflated and equal in size to seed body, evenly transversely ridged. Fl. and fr. Jan-Dec. 2n = 32, 48*.
Moist to wet places along streams, ponds, or lakes, often on disturbed and/or cultivated sites, common and widespread; near sea level to 2200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, E Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam; widespread throughout Africa, S, SE, and SW Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, Pacific islands, South America].
The pattern of variation in this cosmopolitan species is extremely complex and needs further careful analysis; in the absence of a more definitive treatment, we have abandoned the subspecies recognized by Raven (Reinwardtia 6: 327-427. 1963). The three other species recog nized in Ludwigia sect. Macrocarpon (Micheli) H. Hara occur only in the Neotropics, as do most species in the presumably related L. sect. Myrtocarpus (Munz) H. Hara, which suggests that this widespread species may have arisen there and spread worldwide, presumably assisted by human activities.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）踩一下[0]
顶一下[1]