白苞猩猩草Euphorbia heterophylla
中文名（Chinese Name）：白苞猩猩草
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia heterophylla L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican fireplant
别名（Chinese Common Name）：柳叶大戟、台湾大戟
异名（Synonym）：Tithymalus heterophyllus (L.) Haw. Tithymalus prunifolius (Jacq.) Haw. Poinsettia frangulifolia (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia havanensis Small Poinsettia morisoniana (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia prunifolia (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia ruiziana Klotzsch & Garcke Cyathophora ciliata Raf. Cyathophora heterophyla (L.) Raf. Cyathophora picta Raf. Agaloma angustifolia Raf. Euphorbia calyciflora Sessé & Moc. Euphorbia frangulifolia Kunth Euphorbia havanensis Willd. ex Boiss. Euphorbia lockhartii Steud. Euphorbia morisoniana Klotzsch Euphorbia pandurata Huber Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq. Euphorbia trachyphylla A.Rich. Euphorbia heterophylla var. eriocarpa Millsp. Euphorbia heterophylla var. geniculata (Ortega) M.Gómez Euphorbia heterophylla var. linifolia Kuntze Euphorbia prunifolia f. silvatica Chodat & Hassl. Euphorbia heterophylla var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg. Euphorbia heterophylla var. elliptica (Lam.) Kuntze Euphorbia heterophylla var. genuina Boiss. Euphorbia heterophylla f. hirticaulis Kuntze Euphorbia prunifolia var. angustifolia Müll.Arg. Euphorbia prunifolia var. genuina Müll.Arg. Euphorbia prunifolia var. repanda Müll.Arg. Poinsettia geniculata var. heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。茎直立，高达1米，被柔毛。叶互生，卵形至披针形，长3-12厘米，宽1-6厘米，先端尖或渐尖，基部钝至圆，边缘具锯齿或全缘，两面被柔毛；叶柄长4-12毫米；苞叶与茎生叶同形，较小，长2-5厘米，宽5-15毫米，绿色或基部白色。花序单生，基部具柄，无毛；总苞钟状，高2-3毫米，直径1.5-5毫米，边缘5裂，裂片卵形至锯齿状，边缘具毛；腺体常1枚，偶2枚，杯状，直径0.5-1毫米。雄花多枚；苞片线形至倒披针形；雌花1枚，子房柄不伸出总苞外；子房被疏柔毛；花柱3；中部以下合生；柱头2裂。蒴果卵球状，长5-5.5毫米，直径3.5-4.0毫米，被柔毛。种子棱状卵形，长2.5-3.0毫米，直径约2.2毫米，被瘤状突起，灰色至褐色；无种阜。花果期2-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产北美，栽培并归化于旧大陆。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 290, 298
Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 453. 1753.
白苞猩猩草 bai bao xing xing cao | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Euphorbia epilobiifolia W. T. Wang; E. geniculata Ortega; E. taiwaniana S. S. Ying; Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke var. heterophylla (Linnaeus) Klotzsch & Garcke.
Herbs, annual, erect to 1 m tall, often tinged red. Stem glabrous to sparsely pilose at apex, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules purplish glands, fairly conspicuous; petiole to 2(-4) cm; leaf blade ovate, to 12 × 6 cm, abaxially pilose especially on midrib and veins, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous to sparsely pilose near margin, base cuneate, margin with minute distant gland-tipped teeth, apex obtuse. Cymes terminal and axillary, each forking ca. 5 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but paler green, progressively smaller. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 2.5 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous; gland ca. 1 mm, funnel-shaped, opening circular, ca. 1.2 mm across, often red-rimmed; lobes ca. 1.3 mm, subcircular, deeply toothed with minutely ciliate margins. Male flowers: bracteoles few, ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous or occasionally minutely puberulent, perianth forming an obvious rim; styles ca. 1 mm, occasionally minutely puberulent, bifid to halfway. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 6 mm; capsule exserted, ca. 4.5 × 5.5 mm, deeply 3-lobed. Seeds conical, ca. 2.6 × 2.4 mm, apex acute, bluntly warty, blackish brown.
Weed of cultivation and other disturbed areas. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to America, now pantropical].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Euphorbia heterophylla L.
英文名（English Common Name）：Mexican fireplant
别名（Chinese Common Name）：柳叶大戟、台湾大戟
异名（Synonym）：Tithymalus heterophyllus (L.) Haw. Tithymalus prunifolius (Jacq.) Haw. Poinsettia frangulifolia (Kunth) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia havanensis Small Poinsettia morisoniana (Klotzsch) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia prunifolia (Jacq.) Klotzsch & Garcke Poinsettia ruiziana Klotzsch & Garcke Cyathophora ciliata Raf. Cyathophora heterophyla (L.) Raf. Cyathophora picta Raf. Agaloma angustifolia Raf. Euphorbia calyciflora Sessé & Moc. Euphorbia frangulifolia Kunth Euphorbia havanensis Willd. ex Boiss. Euphorbia lockhartii Steud. Euphorbia morisoniana Klotzsch Euphorbia pandurata Huber Euphorbia prunifolia Jacq. Euphorbia trachyphylla A.Rich. Euphorbia heterophylla var. eriocarpa Millsp. Euphorbia heterophylla var. geniculata (Ortega) M.Gómez Euphorbia heterophylla var. linifolia Kuntze Euphorbia prunifolia f. silvatica Chodat & Hassl. Euphorbia heterophylla var. brasiliensis Müll.Arg. Euphorbia heterophylla var. elliptica (Lam.) Kuntze Euphorbia heterophylla var. genuina Boiss. Euphorbia heterophylla f. hirticaulis Kuntze Euphorbia prunifolia var. angustifolia Müll.Arg. Euphorbia prunifolia var. genuina Müll.Arg. Euphorbia prunifolia var. repanda Müll.Arg. Poinsettia geniculata var. heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）大戟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本。茎直立，高达1米，被柔毛。叶互生，卵形至披针形，长3-12厘米，宽1-6厘米，先端尖或渐尖，基部钝至圆，边缘具锯齿或全缘，两面被柔毛；叶柄长4-12毫米；苞叶与茎生叶同形，较小，长2-5厘米，宽5-15毫米，绿色或基部白色。花序单生，基部具柄，无毛；总苞钟状，高2-3毫米，直径1.5-5毫米，边缘5裂，裂片卵形至锯齿状，边缘具毛；腺体常1枚，偶2枚，杯状，直径0.5-1毫米。雄花多枚；苞片线形至倒披针形；雌花1枚，子房柄不伸出总苞外；子房被疏柔毛；花柱3；中部以下合生；柱头2裂。蒴果卵球状，长5-5.5毫米，直径3.5-4.0毫米，被柔毛。种子棱状卵形，长2.5-3.0毫米，直径约2.2毫米，被瘤状突起，灰色至褐色；无种阜。花果期2-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产北美，栽培并归化于旧大陆。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 290, 298
Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 453. 1753.
白苞猩猩草 bai bao xing xing cao | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia
Euphorbia epilobiifolia W. T. Wang; E. geniculata Ortega; E. taiwaniana S. S. Ying; Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke var. heterophylla (Linnaeus) Klotzsch & Garcke.
Herbs, annual, erect to 1 m tall, often tinged red. Stem glabrous to sparsely pilose at apex, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules purplish glands, fairly conspicuous; petiole to 2(-4) cm; leaf blade ovate, to 12 × 6 cm, abaxially pilose especially on midrib and veins, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous to sparsely pilose near margin, base cuneate, margin with minute distant gland-tipped teeth, apex obtuse. Cymes terminal and axillary, each forking ca. 5 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but paler green, progressively smaller. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 2.5 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous; gland ca. 1 mm, funnel-shaped, opening circular, ca. 1.2 mm across, often red-rimmed; lobes ca. 1.3 mm, subcircular, deeply toothed with minutely ciliate margins. Male flowers: bracteoles few, ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous or occasionally minutely puberulent, perianth forming an obvious rim; styles ca. 1 mm, occasionally minutely puberulent, bifid to halfway. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 6 mm; capsule exserted, ca. 4.5 × 5.5 mm, deeply 3-lobed. Seeds conical, ca. 2.6 × 2.4 mm, apex acute, bluntly warty, blackish brown.
Weed of cultivation and other disturbed areas. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to America, now pantropical].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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