猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora

中文名(Chinese Name):猩猩草
学名(Scientific Name):Euphorbia cyathophora Murray
英文名(English Common Name):fire on the mountain
别名(Chinese Common Name):草一品红
异名(Synonym):Euphorbia geniculata Ortega  Euphorbia epilobiifolia W. T. Wang  Euphorbia taiwaniana Ying  Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch et Garcke  Tithymalus cyatophorus (Murray) Moench  Poinsettia barbellata (Engelm.) Small  Poinsettia edwardsii Klotzsch & Garcke  Poinsettia graminifolia (Chapm.) Millsp.  Poinsettia pinetorum Small  Euphorbia pandurifolia Roth  Euphorbia cyathophora var. graminifolia Chapm.  Euphorbia heterophylla var. graminifolia (Chapm.) Chapm., nom. illeg.  Poinsettia cyathophora var. graminifolia (Chapm.) Mohlenbr.  Euphorbia heterophylla var. barbellata (Engelm.) Holz.  Euphorbia heterophylla f. cyathophora (Murray) Voss  Euphorbia heterophylla var. minor Boiss.
科属(Family & Genus):大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)大戟属
形态特征(Description):一年生或多年生草本。根圆柱状,长30-50厘米,直径2-7毫米,基部有时木质化。茎直立,上部多分枝,高可达1米,直径3-8毫米,光滑无毛。叶互生,卵形、椭圆形或卵状椭圆形,先端尖或圆,基部渐狭,长3-10厘米,宽1-5厘米,边缘波状分裂或具波状齿或全缘,无毛;叶柄长1一3厘米;总苞叶与茎生叶同形,较小,长2-5厘米,宽1-2厘米,淡红色或仅基部红色。花序单生,数枚聚伞状排列于分枝顶端,总苞钟状,绿色,高5-6毫米,直径3-5毫米,边缘5裂,裂片三角形,常呈齿状分裂;腺体常1枚,偶2枚,扁杯状,近两唇形,黄色。雄花多枚,常伸出总苞之外;雌花1枚,子房柄明显伸出总苞处;子房三棱状球形,光滑无毛;花柱3,分离;柱头2钱裂。蒴果,三棱状球形,长4. 5-5.0毫米,直径3.5-4.0 毫米,无毛;成熟时分裂为3个分果瓣。种子卵状椭圆形,长2.5-3.0毫米,直径2-2.5毫米,褐色至黑色,具不规则的小突起;无种阜。花果期5-11月。
分布(Distribution):原产中南美洲,归化于旧大陆;广泛栽培于我国大部分省区市。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 290, 298
Euphorbia cyathophora Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 7: 81. 1786.
猩猩草 xing xing cao| Euphorbiaceae  | Euphorbia
Euphorbia heterophylla Linnaeus f. cyathophora (Murray) Voss; E. heterophylla var. cyathophora (Murray) Grisebach.
Herbs, annual, shrubby, erect to 1 m tall. Stems glabrous, hollow. Leaves alternate; stipules brownish glands; petiole to 1.5 cm, pilose; leaf blade lanceolate in outline, violin-shaped, to 10 × 5 cm, abaxially sparsely pilose, glabrescent, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, margin shallowly and irregularly toothed, apex obtuse. Inflorescence a terminal cyme forking ca. 4 times, cyathia densely clustered; basal bracts similar to leaves but with a bright orange-red blotch at base, upper bracts progressively smaller, more lanceolate, subsessile, entirely red. Cyathia ca. 3.5 × 3 mm; involucre barrel-shaped, glabrous, lobes ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm, rounded, margin deeply and bluntly toothed; glands 1(or 2), funnel-shaped, opening transversely elliptic, ca. 2 mm wide. Male flowers: bracteoles ligulate, feathery; stamens ca. 4 mm. Female flower: ovary pedicellate, glabrous; styles ca. 2 mm, bifid almost to base. Fruiting pedicel reflexed to 5.5 mm; capsule deeply 3-lobed, ca. 4 × 5 mm. Seeds ovoid-conical, ca. 2.8 × 2.2 mm, apex acute; seed coat sharply warty, blackish brown. Fl. and fr. May-Nov. 2n = ?56.
Cultivated, sometimes naturalized. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to America; naturalized in the Old World].
There has been much confusion in the literature between this and the following species, Euphorbia heterophylla.
猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora

猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora

猩猩草Euphorbia cyathophora
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