中文名（Chinese Name）：烟管蓟
学名（Scientific Name）：Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：垂头蓟
异名（Synonym）：Cnicus provostii Franch.  Cirsium helgendorfii (Franch. et Sav.) Makino  Cirsium provostii (Franch.) Petr.  Cnicus helgendorfii Franch. et Sav.  Cnicus pendulus (Fisch. ex DC.) Maxim.  Cnicus hilgendorfi Franch. & Sav.  Cirsium provosti (Franch.) Petr.  Cirsium hilgendorfii (Franch. & Sav.) Makino  Cnicus provosti Franch.
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科（Compositae）蓟属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高1-3米。茎直立，粗壮，上部分枝，全部茎枝有条棱，被极稀疏的蛛丝状及多细胞长节毛，上部花序分枝上的蛛丝毛稍稠密。基生叶及下部茎叶全形长椭圆形、 偏斜椭圆形、长倒披针形或椭圆形，下部渐狭成长或短翼柄或无柄，明显的但却不规则二 回羽状分裂，一回为深裂，一回侧裂片5-7对，半长椭圆形或偏斜披针形，中部侧裂片较大，长4-16厘米，宽1.5-6厘米，向上向下的侧裂片渐小，全部一回侧裂片仅一侧深裂或半裂，而另侧不裂，边缘有针刺状缘毛或兼有少数小型刺齿，二回侧裂片斜三角形，二回顶裂片长披针形或宽线形，全部二回裂片边缘及顶端有针刺；向上的叶渐小，无柄或扩大耳状抱茎。全部叶两面同色，绿色或下面稍淡，无毛，边缘及齿顶或裂片顶端针刺长可达3毫米。头状花序下垂，在茎枝顶端排成总状圆锥花序。总苞钟状，直径3.5-5厘米，无毛。总苞片约10层，覆瓦状排列，外层与中层长三角形至钻状披针形，全长1-4厘米，宽1-2.5毫米，上部或中部以上钻状，向外反折或开展，内层及最内层披针形或线状披针形，长1.2-2,5厘米，宽1.5-2毫米，顶端短钻状渐尖。小花紫色或红色，花冠长2.2厘米，细管部细丝状，长1.6厘米，檐部短，长6毫米，5浅裂。瘦果偏斜楔状倒披针形，顶端斜截形，长4毫米，宽2毫米，稍压扁。冠毛污白色，多层，基部连合成环，整体脱落；冠毛长羽毛状，长达2.2厘米，向顶端渐细。花果期6-9月
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、陕西及甘肃，生于海拔300-2240米的山谷、山坡草地、林缘、林下、溪边等处。朝鲜及日本也有。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 162, 170
Cirsium pendulum Fischer ex Candolle, Prodr. 6: 650. 1838.
烟管蓟 yan guan ji | Asteraceae  | Cirsium
Cirsium hilgendorfii (Franchet & Savatier) Makino; C. provostii (Franchet) Petrak; Cnicus hilgendorfii Franchet & Savatier; C. pendulus (Fischer ex Candolle) Maximowicz; C. provostii Franchet.
Herbs 1-3 m tall, perennial. Stems erect, branched above, stout, unwinged, sparsely cobwebby and with long multicellular hairs. Leaves concolorous, surface smooth, green, glabrous. Basal and lower cauline leaves sessile or with winged petiole; leaf blade ± narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 40-50 × ca. 20 cm, bipinnatipartite; primary segments 5-7 pairs; ultimate lobes obliquely triangular, fringed and tipped with ca. 3 mm spines; terminal lobe of segments narrowly lanceolate to broadly linear. Middle and upper cauline leaves sessile, gradually smaller upward, semiamplexicaul. Capitula several, terminal, racemose-paniculate, nodding. Involucre campanulate, 3.5-5 cm in diam., glabrous. Phyllaries imbricate, in ca. 10 rows, lacking an abaxial resinous gland, marginal spinules, wings, and scarious appendage; outer and middle phyllaries 1-4 × 0.1-0.3 cm, basal portion triangular to lanceolate, apical portion subulate and reflexed; inner and innermost phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 1.2-2.5 × ca. 0.2 cm, apex acuminate-subulate. Florets bisexual. Corolla purple to red, ca. 2.2 cm, tube filiform, ca. 1.6 cm. Achene ca. 4 mm. Pappus bristles dirty white, ca. 2.2 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 34.
Grasslands in mountain valleys and on mountain slopes, forests, forest margins, streamsides, near villages, rock crevices; 300-2300 m. SE Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, WC Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）