可可Theobroma cacao

中文名(Chinese Name):可可
学名(Scientific Name):Theobroma cacao L.
英文名(English Common Name):cacao
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Cacao minar Gaertn.  Cacao minus Gaertn.  Cacao sativa Aubl.  Cacao theobroma Tussac  Theobroma cacao f. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Ducke  Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec.  Theobroma cacao subsp. sativa (Aubl.) León  Theobroma cacao var. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cif.  Theobroma cacao var. typica Cif.  Theobroma caribaea Sweet  Theobroma integerrima Stokes  Theobroma kalagua De Wild.  Theobroma leiocarpum Bernoulli  Theobroma pentagonum Bernoulli  Theobroma saltzmanniana Bernoulli  Theobroma sapidum Pittier  Theobroma sativa var. leucosperma A. Chev.  Theobroma sativa var. melanosperma A. Chev.  Theobroma sativa (Aubl.) Lign. & Le Bey  Theobroma sativum (Aubl.) Lign. & Bey
科属Family & Genus):梧桐科(Sterculiaceae)可可属
形态特征(Description):常绿乔木,高达12米,树冠繁茂;树皮厚,暗灰褐色;嫩枝褐色,被短柔毛。叶具短柄,卵状长椭圆形至倒卵状长椭圆形,长20-30厘米,宽7-10厘米,顶端长渐尖,基部圆形、近心形或钝,两面均无毛或在叶脉上略有稀疏的星状短柔毛;托咔条形,早落。花排成聚伞花序,花的直径约18毫米;花梗长约12毫米;萼粉红色,萼片5枚,长披针形,宿存,边缘有毛;花瓣5片,淡黄色,略比萼长,下部盔状并急狭窄而反卷,顶端急尖;退化雄蕊线状;发育雄蕊与花瓣对生;子房倒卵形,稍有5棱,5室,每室有胚珠14-16个,排成两列,花柱圆柱状。核果椭圆形或长椭圆形,长15-20厘米,直径约7厘米,表面有10条纵沟,干燥后内侧5条纵沟不明显,初为淡绿色,后变为深黄色或近于红色,干燥后为褐色;果皮厚,肉质,干燥后硬如木质,厚4-8毫米,每室有种子12-14个;种子卵形,稍呈压扁状,长2.5厘米,宽1.5厘米,子叶肥厚,无胚乳。花期几乎全年。
分布(Distribution):原产美洲中部及南部,现广泛栽培于全世界的热带地区。
用途(Use):可可的种子为制造可可粉和“巧克力糖”的主要原料。为世界上三大饮料之一。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 12 Page 321 
Theobroma cacao Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 782. 1753.
可可 ke ke| Sterculiaceae  | Theobroma
Evergreen trees, to 12 m tall; bark thick, dark gray-brown. Branchlets brown, puberulent. Stipules linear, caducous; leaf blade narrowly ovate- to obovate-elliptic, 20-30 × 7-10 cm, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely stellate, base rounded to shallowly cordate, apex long acuminate. Inflorescence small and delicate, cymose. Flowers ca. 18 mm in diam.; pedicels ca. 12 mm. Calyx pink, lobes narrowly lanceolate, persistent, margin hairy. Petals 5, yellowish, lightly longer than calyx, lower part helmet-shaped and abruptly narrowed, reflexed, apex acute. Staminodes linear. Ovary obovoid, slightly 5-angular, 5-celled; ovules 14-16 per locule, in 2 rows; style cylindrical. Drupe ellipsoid or narrowly ellipsoid, 15-20 × ca. 7 cm, longitudinally 10-grooved; endocarp thick, fleshy, hard and woody when dried, 4-8 mm thick. Seeds 12-14 per cell, ovoid, slightly flattened, ca. 2.5 × 1.5 cm. Fl. throughout year.
Cultivated. Hainan, S Yunnan [native of South America, now widely cultivated throughout wet tropics].
The seeds are important as the source of chocolate and cocoa.
 可可Theobroma cacao

可可Theobroma cacao

可可Theobroma cacao

可可Theobroma cacao
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