红毛丹Nephelium lappaceum
中文名（Chinese Name）：红毛丹
学名（Scientific Name）：Nephelium lappaceum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：rambutan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Dimocarpus crinitus Lour. Euphoria crinita Poir. Euphoria ramb-outan Labill. Scytalia crinita Raeusch. Scytalia ramboutan Roxb.
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）韶子属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高10余米；小枝圆柱形，有皱纹，灰褐色，仅嫩部被锈色微柔毛。叶连柄长15-45厘米，叶轴稍粗壮，干时有皱纹；小叶2或3对，很少1或4对，薄革质，椭圆形或倒卵形，长6-18厘米，宽4-7.5厘米，顶端钝或微圆，有时近短尖，基部楔形，全缘，两面无毛；侧脉7-9对，干时褐红色，仅在背面凸起，网状小脉略呈蜂巢状，干时两面可见；小叶柄长约5毫米。花序常多分枝，与叶近等长或更长，被锈色短绒毛；花梗短；萼革质，长约2毫米，裂片卵形，被绒毛；无花瓣；雄蕊长约3毫米。果阔椭圆形，红黄色，连刺长约5厘米，宽约4.5厘米，刺长约1厘米。花期夏初，果期秋初。
分布（Distribution）：原产地在亚洲热带，我国广东南部、海南、云南南部和台湾有少量栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 18
Nephelium lappaceum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 623; Mant. Pl. 1: 125 ["lappacea"]. 1767.
红毛丹 hong mao dan| Sapindaceae | Nephelium
Trees, evergreen, ca. 10 m tall. Branches grayish brown, terete, rugose, ferruginous pilosulose when young. Leaves with petiole 15-45 cm, axis slightly strong, rugose when dry; leaflets (1 or)2 or 3(or 4) pairs; petiolules ca. 5 mm; blades elliptic or obovate, 6-18 × 4-7.5 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, lateral veins 7-9 pairs, brownish red when dry, only prominent abaxially, net veins slightly honeycombed, visible on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or slightly rounded, sometimes nearly acute. Inflorescences many branched, nearly as long as or longer than leaves, ferruginous tomentose. Pedicels short. Calyx ca. 2 mm, leathery; sepals ovate, tomentose. Petals absent. Stamens ca. 3 mm. Fruit reddish yellow, broadly ellipsoid, including spines ca. 5 × 4.5 cm, spines ca. 1 cm. Fl. early summer, fr. early autumn.
Cultivated in Guangdong and Hainan [native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand; cultivated in SE Asia].
The fruit is edible.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Nephelium lappaceum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：rambutan
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Dimocarpus crinitus Lour. Euphoria crinita Poir. Euphoria ramb-outan Labill. Scytalia crinita Raeusch. Scytalia ramboutan Roxb.
科属（Family & Genus）：无患子科（Sapindaceae）韶子属
形态特征（Description）：常绿乔木，高10余米；小枝圆柱形，有皱纹，灰褐色，仅嫩部被锈色微柔毛。叶连柄长15-45厘米，叶轴稍粗壮，干时有皱纹；小叶2或3对，很少1或4对，薄革质，椭圆形或倒卵形，长6-18厘米，宽4-7.5厘米，顶端钝或微圆，有时近短尖，基部楔形，全缘，两面无毛；侧脉7-9对，干时褐红色，仅在背面凸起，网状小脉略呈蜂巢状，干时两面可见；小叶柄长约5毫米。花序常多分枝，与叶近等长或更长，被锈色短绒毛；花梗短；萼革质，长约2毫米，裂片卵形，被绒毛；无花瓣；雄蕊长约3毫米。果阔椭圆形，红黄色，连刺长约5厘米，宽约4.5厘米，刺长约1厘米。花期夏初，果期秋初。
分布（Distribution）：原产地在亚洲热带，我国广东南部、海南、云南南部和台湾有少量栽培。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 12 Page 6, 18
Nephelium lappaceum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 623; Mant. Pl. 1: 125 ["lappacea"]. 1767.
红毛丹 hong mao dan| Sapindaceae | Nephelium
Trees, evergreen, ca. 10 m tall. Branches grayish brown, terete, rugose, ferruginous pilosulose when young. Leaves with petiole 15-45 cm, axis slightly strong, rugose when dry; leaflets (1 or)2 or 3(or 4) pairs; petiolules ca. 5 mm; blades elliptic or obovate, 6-18 × 4-7.5 cm, thinly leathery, glabrous, lateral veins 7-9 pairs, brownish red when dry, only prominent abaxially, net veins slightly honeycombed, visible on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse or slightly rounded, sometimes nearly acute. Inflorescences many branched, nearly as long as or longer than leaves, ferruginous tomentose. Pedicels short. Calyx ca. 2 mm, leathery; sepals ovate, tomentose. Petals absent. Stamens ca. 3 mm. Fruit reddish yellow, broadly ellipsoid, including spines ca. 5 × 4.5 cm, spines ca. 1 cm. Fl. early summer, fr. early autumn.
Cultivated in Guangdong and Hainan [native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand; cultivated in SE Asia].
The fruit is edible.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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