柑橘Citrus reticulata
中文名（Chinese Name）：柑橘
学名（Scientific Name）：Citrus reticulata Blanco
英文名（English Common Name）：tangerine
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Citrus nobilis Lour. Citrus madurensis Lour. Citrus deliciosa Ten. Citrus reticulata var. austera Swingle Citrus chrysocarpa Lush. Citrus depressa Hayata Citrus himekitsu Yu.Tanaka Citrus madurensis var. deliciosa (Ten.) Sagot Citrus nippokoreana Yu.Tanaka Citrus nobilis var. koozi Sisb. Citrus nobilis var. major Ker Gawl. Citrus nobilis var. ponki Hayata Citrus nobilis var. poonensis Hayata Citrus nobilis var. spontanea Ito Citrus nobilis var. sunki Hayata Citrus nobilis var. tachibana (Makino) Ito Citrus nobilis var. unshiu (Marcow.) Yu.Tanaka ex Swingle Citrus nobilis var. vangasy (Bojer) Guillaumin Citrus otachihana Yu.Tanaka Citrus ponki Yu.Tanaka Citrus reticulata var. chrysocarpa (Lush.) Tanaka Citrus suhuiensis Hayata Citrus sunki Yu.Tanaka Citrus vangasay Bojer Citrus vangasy Bojer
科属（Family & Genus）：芸香科（Rutaceae）柑橘属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木。分枝多，枝扩展或略下垂，刺较少。单身复叶，翼叶通常狭窄，或仅有痕迹，叶片披针形，椭圆形或阔卵形，大小变异较大，顶端常有凹口，中脉由基部至凹口附近成叉状分枝，叶缘至少上半段通常有钝或圆裂齿，很少全缘。花单生或2-3朵簇生；花萼不规则5-3浅裂；花瓣通常长1.5厘米以内；雄蕊20-25枚，花柱细长，柱头头状。果形种种，通常扁圆形至近圆球形，果皮甚薄而光滑，或厚而粗糙，淡黄色，朱红色或深红色，甚易或稍易剥离，橘络甚多或较少，呈网状，易分离，通常柔嫩，中心柱大而常空，稀充实，瓢囊7-14瓣，稀较多，囊壁薄或略厚，柔嫩或颇韧，汁胞通常纺锤形，短而膨大，稀细长，果肉酸或甜，或有苦味，或另有特异气味；种子或多或少数，稀无籽，通常卵形，顶部狭尖，基部浑圆，子叶深绿、淡绿或间有近于乳白色，合点紫色，多胚，少有单胚。花期4-5月，果期10-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产秦岭南坡以南、伏牛山南坡诸水系及大别山区南部，向东南至台湾，南至海南岛，西南至西藏东南部海拔较低地区。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96
Citrus reticulata Blanco, Fl. Filip. 610. 1837.
柑橘 gan ju| Rutaceae | Citrus
Citrus ×aurantium Linnaeus f. deliciosa (Tenore) Hiroe; C. ×aurantium var. tachibana Makino; C. daoxianensis S. W. He & G. F. Liu; C. deliciosa Tenore; C. depressa Hayata; C. erythrosa Yu. Tanaka; C. madurensis Loureiro var. deliciosa (Tenore) Sagot; C. mangshanensis S. W. He & G. F. Liu; C. ×nobilis Loureiro subf. deliciosa (Tenore) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. deliciosa (Tenore) Guillaumin; C. ×nobilis subf. erythrosa (Yu. Tanaka) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. major Ker Gawler; C. ×nobilis var. ponki Hayata; C. ×nobilis subf. reticulata (Blanco) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. spontanea Ito; C. ×nobilis subf. succosa (Tanaka) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. sunki Hayata; C. ×nobilis subf. tachibana (Makino) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. tachibana (Makino) Ito; C. ×nobilis subf. unshiu (Marcowicz) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. unshiu (Marcowicz) Tanaka ex Swingle; C. ×nobilis var. vangasy (Bojer) Guillaumin; C. ponki Yu. Tanaka; C. poonensis Yu. Tanaka; C. reticulata var. austera Swingle; C. reticulata subsp. deliciosa (Tenore) Rivera et al.; C. reticulata subsp. tachibana (Tanaka) Rivera et al.; C. reticulata subsp. unshiu (Marcowicz) Rivera et al.; C. succosa Tanaka; C. suhuiensis Hayata; C. sunki Tanaka; C. tachibana (Makino) Yu. Tanaka; C. tachibana subf. depressa (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. ponki (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. suhuiensis (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. sunki (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tangerina Yu. Tanaka; C. tankan Hayata; C. unshiu Marcowicz; C. vangasy Bojer.
Small trees. Branchlets numerous, with few spines. Leaves 1-foliolate; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or broadly ovate, basal articulated part to leaf blade usually narrow or only a remnant, midvein furcate near apex, margin apically obtusely crenulate or rarely entire, apex emarginate. Flowers solitary to 3 in a fascicle. Calyx irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals usually 1.5 cm or less. Sta-mens 20-25. Style long, slender; stigma clavate. Fruit pale yellow, orange, red, or carmine, oblate to subglobose, smooth or coarse; pericarp very thin to thick, easily removed; sarcocarp with 7-14 segments or rarely more, sweet to acidic and sometimes bitter, with few to many seeds or rarely seedless; pulp vesicles plump, short, rarely slender and long. Seeds usually ovoid, base rounded, apex narrow and acute; embryos numerous, rarely solitary; cotyledons dark green, pale green, or milky white; chalaza purple. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 18, 27, 36.
Extensively cultivated in China S of the Qin Ling [possibly native to SE China and/or S Japan (see below)].
Hillside forests; low elevations. Taiwan [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)].
Tangerine or mandarin orange is the parent with Citrus maxima of C. ×aurantium, with C. japonica of C. ×microcarpa, and possibly with C. cavaleriei of C. ×junos. The recently recognized subspecies are perhaps better considered as cultivar groups to which most of the synonyms would be referred. However, some names in the synonymy may be referable to those cultivars of C. ×aurantium that are repeated backcrosses with C. reticulata. Trees referred to C. tachibana may represent true wild forms and have the following characteristics:
Trees to 3 m tall. Branchlets numerous, with short spines. Petiole 8-10 mm, very narrowly winged; leaf blade elliptic, 6-7 × 3.5-4 cm, secondary veins inconspicuous, base broadly cuneate, margin crenulate, apex narrow, obtuse, and conspicuously emarginate. Flowers solitary, 1.2-1.4 cm in diam.; flower buds subglobose. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Petals white. Stamens ca. 20. Fruit yellow, oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3.4 cm, smooth; pericarp 1.5-2 mm thick; sarcocarp with 7-9 segments, yellow, very acidic and bitter, 5- or 6-seeded. Seeds broadly ovoid, ca. 1 cm; seed coat smooth; embryos numerous; cotyledons greenish.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Citrus reticulata Blanco
英文名（English Common Name）：tangerine
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Citrus nobilis Lour. Citrus madurensis Lour. Citrus deliciosa Ten. Citrus reticulata var. austera Swingle Citrus chrysocarpa Lush. Citrus depressa Hayata Citrus himekitsu Yu.Tanaka Citrus madurensis var. deliciosa (Ten.) Sagot Citrus nippokoreana Yu.Tanaka Citrus nobilis var. koozi Sisb. Citrus nobilis var. major Ker Gawl. Citrus nobilis var. ponki Hayata Citrus nobilis var. poonensis Hayata Citrus nobilis var. spontanea Ito Citrus nobilis var. sunki Hayata Citrus nobilis var. tachibana (Makino) Ito Citrus nobilis var. unshiu (Marcow.) Yu.Tanaka ex Swingle Citrus nobilis var. vangasy (Bojer) Guillaumin Citrus otachihana Yu.Tanaka Citrus ponki Yu.Tanaka Citrus reticulata var. chrysocarpa (Lush.) Tanaka Citrus suhuiensis Hayata Citrus sunki Yu.Tanaka Citrus vangasay Bojer Citrus vangasy Bojer
科属（Family & Genus）：芸香科（Rutaceae）柑橘属
形态特征（Description）：小乔木。分枝多，枝扩展或略下垂，刺较少。单身复叶，翼叶通常狭窄，或仅有痕迹，叶片披针形，椭圆形或阔卵形，大小变异较大，顶端常有凹口，中脉由基部至凹口附近成叉状分枝，叶缘至少上半段通常有钝或圆裂齿，很少全缘。花单生或2-3朵簇生；花萼不规则5-3浅裂；花瓣通常长1.5厘米以内；雄蕊20-25枚，花柱细长，柱头头状。果形种种，通常扁圆形至近圆球形，果皮甚薄而光滑，或厚而粗糙，淡黄色，朱红色或深红色，甚易或稍易剥离，橘络甚多或较少，呈网状，易分离，通常柔嫩，中心柱大而常空，稀充实，瓢囊7-14瓣，稀较多，囊壁薄或略厚，柔嫩或颇韧，汁胞通常纺锤形，短而膨大，稀细长，果肉酸或甜，或有苦味，或另有特异气味；种子或多或少数，稀无籽，通常卵形，顶部狭尖，基部浑圆，子叶深绿、淡绿或间有近于乳白色，合点紫色，多胚，少有单胚。花期4-5月，果期10-12月。
分布（Distribution）：产秦岭南坡以南、伏牛山南坡诸水系及大别山区南部，向东南至台湾，南至海南岛，西南至西藏东南部海拔较低地区。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96
Citrus reticulata Blanco, Fl. Filip. 610. 1837.
柑橘 gan ju| Rutaceae | Citrus
Citrus ×aurantium Linnaeus f. deliciosa (Tenore) Hiroe; C. ×aurantium var. tachibana Makino; C. daoxianensis S. W. He & G. F. Liu; C. deliciosa Tenore; C. depressa Hayata; C. erythrosa Yu. Tanaka; C. madurensis Loureiro var. deliciosa (Tenore) Sagot; C. mangshanensis S. W. He & G. F. Liu; C. ×nobilis Loureiro subf. deliciosa (Tenore) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. deliciosa (Tenore) Guillaumin; C. ×nobilis subf. erythrosa (Yu. Tanaka) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. major Ker Gawler; C. ×nobilis var. ponki Hayata; C. ×nobilis subf. reticulata (Blanco) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. spontanea Ito; C. ×nobilis subf. succosa (Tanaka) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. sunki Hayata; C. ×nobilis subf. tachibana (Makino) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. tachibana (Makino) Ito; C. ×nobilis subf. unshiu (Marcowicz) Hiroe; C. ×nobilis var. unshiu (Marcowicz) Tanaka ex Swingle; C. ×nobilis var. vangasy (Bojer) Guillaumin; C. ponki Yu. Tanaka; C. poonensis Yu. Tanaka; C. reticulata var. austera Swingle; C. reticulata subsp. deliciosa (Tenore) Rivera et al.; C. reticulata subsp. tachibana (Tanaka) Rivera et al.; C. reticulata subsp. unshiu (Marcowicz) Rivera et al.; C. succosa Tanaka; C. suhuiensis Hayata; C. sunki Tanaka; C. tachibana (Makino) Yu. Tanaka; C. tachibana subf. depressa (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. ponki (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. suhuiensis (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tachibana subf. sunki (Hayata) Hiroe; C. tangerina Yu. Tanaka; C. tankan Hayata; C. unshiu Marcowicz; C. vangasy Bojer.
Small trees. Branchlets numerous, with few spines. Leaves 1-foliolate; leaf blade lanceolate, elliptic, or broadly ovate, basal articulated part to leaf blade usually narrow or only a remnant, midvein furcate near apex, margin apically obtusely crenulate or rarely entire, apex emarginate. Flowers solitary to 3 in a fascicle. Calyx irregularly 3-5-lobed. Petals usually 1.5 cm or less. Sta-mens 20-25. Style long, slender; stigma clavate. Fruit pale yellow, orange, red, or carmine, oblate to subglobose, smooth or coarse; pericarp very thin to thick, easily removed; sarcocarp with 7-14 segments or rarely more, sweet to acidic and sometimes bitter, with few to many seeds or rarely seedless; pulp vesicles plump, short, rarely slender and long. Seeds usually ovoid, base rounded, apex narrow and acute; embryos numerous, rarely solitary; cotyledons dark green, pale green, or milky white; chalaza purple. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Oct-Dec. 2n = 18, 27, 36.
Extensively cultivated in China S of the Qin Ling [possibly native to SE China and/or S Japan (see below)].
Hillside forests; low elevations. Taiwan [Japan (Ryukyu Islands)].
Tangerine or mandarin orange is the parent with Citrus maxima of C. ×aurantium, with C. japonica of C. ×microcarpa, and possibly with C. cavaleriei of C. ×junos. The recently recognized subspecies are perhaps better considered as cultivar groups to which most of the synonyms would be referred. However, some names in the synonymy may be referable to those cultivars of C. ×aurantium that are repeated backcrosses with C. reticulata. Trees referred to C. tachibana may represent true wild forms and have the following characteristics:
Trees to 3 m tall. Branchlets numerous, with short spines. Petiole 8-10 mm, very narrowly winged; leaf blade elliptic, 6-7 × 3.5-4 cm, secondary veins inconspicuous, base broadly cuneate, margin crenulate, apex narrow, obtuse, and conspicuously emarginate. Flowers solitary, 1.2-1.4 cm in diam.; flower buds subglobose. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Petals white. Stamens ca. 20. Fruit yellow, oblate, 2-2.5 × 2.5-3.4 cm, smooth; pericarp 1.5-2 mm thick; sarcocarp with 7-9 segments, yellow, very acidic and bitter, 5- or 6-seeded. Seeds broadly ovoid, ca. 1 cm; seed coat smooth; embryos numerous; cotyledons greenish.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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