土人参Talinum paniculatum
中文名（Chinese Name）：土人参
学名（Scientific Name）：Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.
英文名（English Common Name）：jewels of Opar
别名（Chinese Common Name）：栌兰
异名（Synonym）：Talinum patens var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) A. Gray Talinum purpureum hort. ex A. Gray Talinum reflexum f. saramentosum (Engelm.) Small Talinum reflexum Cav. Talinum roseum Kl. ex Rohrb. Talinum sarmentosum Engelm. Talinum spathulatum Engelm. ex A. Gray Calandrinia andrewskii H.Vilm. Claytonia patens (L.) Kuntze Helianthemoides patens (L.) Medik. Portulaca reflexa (Cav.) Haw. Ruelingia patens (L.) Ehrh. Talinum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. Talinum moritziana Kl. ex Rohrb. in Mart. Talinum paniculatum var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Poelln.
科属（Family & Genus）：马齿苋科（Portulacaceae）土人参属
形态特征（Description）：一年生或多年生草本，全株无毛，高30-100厘米。主根粗壮，圆锥形，有少数分枝，皮黑褐色，断面乳白色。茎直立，肉质，基部近木质，多少分枝，圆柱形，有时具槽。叶互生或近对生，具短柄或近无柄，叶片稍肉质，倒卵形或倒卵状长椭圆形，长5-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端急尖，有时微凹，具短尖头，基部狭楔形，全缘。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，较大形，常二叉状分枝，具长花序梗；花小，直径约6毫米；总苞片绿色或近红色，圆形，顶端圆钝，长3-4毫米；苞片2，膜质，披针形，顶端急尖，长约1毫米；花梗长5-10毫米；萼片卵形，紫红色，早落；花瓣粉红色或淡紫红色，长椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长6-12毫米，顶端圆钝，稀微凹；雄蕊 (10-) 15-20，比花瓣短；花柱线形，长约2毫米，基部具关节；柱头3裂，稍开展；子房卵球形，长约2毫米。蒴果近球形，直径约4毫米，3瓣裂，坚纸质；种子多数，扁圆形，直径约1毫米，黑褐色或黑色，有光泽。花期6-8月，果期9-11月。
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲，我国中部和南部均有栽植，有的逸为野生，生于阴湿地。
用途（Use）：根为滋补强壮药，补中益气，润肺生津。叶消肿解毒，治疔疮疖肿。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 444
Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 219. 1791.
土人参 tu ren shen| Portulacaceae | Talinum
Portulaca paniculata Jacquin, Enum. Pl. Carib. 22. 1760; P. patens Linnaeus; Talinum patens (Linnaeus) Willdenow.
Herbs annual or perennial, 30-100 cm. Root few branched, obconic, thick, epidermis black-brown, flesh milky white. Stems branched basally, semiwoody. Leaf blade obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute, sometimes retuse, mucronate. Panicle terminal or axillary, large, often dichotomous, long peduncled; bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, membranous, apex acute. Pedicel 5-10 mm. Flowers small, 6-10 mm wide. Sepals purple-red, ovate, caducous. Petals pink or reddish purple, obovate or elliptic, 6-12 mm, apex rounded, rarely retuse. Stamens (10-)15-20, shorter than petals. Ovary ovoid, ca. 2 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule subglobose, ca. 4 mm, papery. Seeds oblate, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Cultivated, escaping to shaded wet places. C and S China [native to tropical America; cultivated and naturalized throughout SE Asia].
Records of Talinum crassifolium Willdenow and T. triangulare Willdenow in Chinese literature are based on misidentifications of this species.
The plants are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.
英文名（English Common Name）：jewels of Opar
别名（Chinese Common Name）：栌兰
异名（Synonym）：Talinum patens var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) A. Gray Talinum purpureum hort. ex A. Gray Talinum reflexum f. saramentosum (Engelm.) Small Talinum reflexum Cav. Talinum roseum Kl. ex Rohrb. Talinum sarmentosum Engelm. Talinum spathulatum Engelm. ex A. Gray Calandrinia andrewskii H.Vilm. Claytonia patens (L.) Kuntze Helianthemoides patens (L.) Medik. Portulaca reflexa (Cav.) Haw. Ruelingia patens (L.) Ehrh. Talinum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. Talinum moritziana Kl. ex Rohrb. in Mart. Talinum paniculatum var. sarmentosum (Engelm.) Poelln.
科属（Family & Genus）：马齿苋科（Portulacaceae）土人参属
形态特征（Description）：一年生或多年生草本，全株无毛，高30-100厘米。主根粗壮，圆锥形，有少数分枝，皮黑褐色，断面乳白色。茎直立，肉质，基部近木质，多少分枝，圆柱形，有时具槽。叶互生或近对生，具短柄或近无柄，叶片稍肉质，倒卵形或倒卵状长椭圆形，长5-10厘米，宽2.5-5厘米，顶端急尖，有时微凹，具短尖头，基部狭楔形，全缘。圆锥花序顶生或腋生，较大形，常二叉状分枝，具长花序梗；花小，直径约6毫米；总苞片绿色或近红色，圆形，顶端圆钝，长3-4毫米；苞片2，膜质，披针形，顶端急尖，长约1毫米；花梗长5-10毫米；萼片卵形，紫红色，早落；花瓣粉红色或淡紫红色，长椭圆形、倒卵形或椭圆形，长6-12毫米，顶端圆钝，稀微凹；雄蕊 (10-) 15-20，比花瓣短；花柱线形，长约2毫米，基部具关节；柱头3裂，稍开展；子房卵球形，长约2毫米。蒴果近球形，直径约4毫米，3瓣裂，坚纸质；种子多数，扁圆形，直径约1毫米，黑褐色或黑色，有光泽。花期6-8月，果期9-11月。
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲，我国中部和南部均有栽植，有的逸为野生，生于阴湿地。
用途（Use）：根为滋补强壮药，补中益气，润肺生津。叶消肿解毒，治疔疮疖肿。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 5 Page 444
Talinum paniculatum (Jacquin) Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 219. 1791.
土人参 tu ren shen| Portulacaceae | Talinum
Portulaca paniculata Jacquin, Enum. Pl. Carib. 22. 1760; P. patens Linnaeus; Talinum patens (Linnaeus) Willdenow.
Herbs annual or perennial, 30-100 cm. Root few branched, obconic, thick, epidermis black-brown, flesh milky white. Stems branched basally, semiwoody. Leaf blade obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, apex acute, sometimes retuse, mucronate. Panicle terminal or axillary, large, often dichotomous, long peduncled; bracts lanceolate, ca. 1 mm, membranous, apex acute. Pedicel 5-10 mm. Flowers small, 6-10 mm wide. Sepals purple-red, ovate, caducous. Petals pink or reddish purple, obovate or elliptic, 6-12 mm, apex rounded, rarely retuse. Stamens (10-)15-20, shorter than petals. Ovary ovoid, ca. 2 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigma 3-lobed. Capsule subglobose, ca. 4 mm, papery. Seeds oblate, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun-Aug.
Cultivated, escaping to shaded wet places. C and S China [native to tropical America; cultivated and naturalized throughout SE Asia].
Records of Talinum crassifolium Willdenow and T. triangulare Willdenow in Chinese literature are based on misidentifications of this species.
The plants are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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