胡椒Piper nigrum
中文名（Chinese Name）：胡椒
学名（Scientific Name）：Piper nigrum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：black pepper
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Muldera multinervis Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：胡椒科（Piperaceae）胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：木质攀援藤本；茎、枝无毛，节显著膨大，常生小根。叶厚，近革质，阔卵形至卵状长圆形，稀有近圆形，长10-15厘米，宽5-9厘米，顶端短尖，基部圆，常稍偏斜，两面均无毛；叶脉5-7条，稀有9条，最上1对互生，离基1.5-3.5厘米从中脉发出，余者均自基出，最外1对极柔弱，网状脉明显; 叶柄长1-2厘米，无毛；叶鞘延长，长常为叶柄之半。花杂性，通常雌雄同株；花序与叶对生，短于叶或与叶等长；总花梗与叶柄近等长，无毛；苞片匙状长圆形，长3-3.5厘米，中部宽约0.8毫米，顶端阔而圆，与花序轴分离，呈浅杯状，狭长处与花序轴合生，仅边缘分离；雄蕊2枚，花药肾形，花丝粗短；子房球形，柱头3-4，稀有5。浆果球形，无柄，直径3-4毫米，成熟时红色，未成熟时干后变黑色。花期6-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产东南亚，现广植于热带地区。我国华东南部、华南及西南有栽培。
用途（Use）：果实主要含胡椒硷和少量的胡椒挥发油，用于调味，亦作胃寒药，能温胃散寒、健胃止吐，服少量能增进食欲，过量则刺激胃粘膜引起充血性炎症。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 115
Piper nigrum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753.
胡椒 hu jiao | Piperaceae | Piper
Climbers woody. Nodes clearly enlarged and rooting, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, rarely suborbicular, 10-15 × 5-9 cm, thick, ± leathery, glabrous, base rounded, usually slightly oblique, apex acute; veins 5-7(-9), apical pair arising 1.5-3.5 cm above base, alternate, others basal; reticulate veins prominent. Flowers polygamous, usually monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed, to as long as leaves; peduncle nearly as long as petioles, glabrous; bracts spatulate-oblong, 3-3.5 × ca. 0.8 mm, adaxially adnate to rachis, only margin and broad, rounded apex free, shallowly cupular. Stamens 2, 1 on each side of ovary; filaments thick, short; anthers reniform. Ovary globose; stigmas 3 or 4, rarely 5. Drupe red when ripe, drying black when unripe, globose, 3-4 mm in diam., sessile. Fl. Jun-Oct.
Widely cultivated, often in forest clearings. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [native to SE Asia]
The source of black and white pepper.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Piper nigrum L.
英文名（English Common Name）：black pepper
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Muldera multinervis Miq.
科属（Family & Genus）：胡椒科（Piperaceae）胡椒属
形态特征（Description）：木质攀援藤本；茎、枝无毛，节显著膨大，常生小根。叶厚，近革质，阔卵形至卵状长圆形，稀有近圆形，长10-15厘米，宽5-9厘米，顶端短尖，基部圆，常稍偏斜，两面均无毛；叶脉5-7条，稀有9条，最上1对互生，离基1.5-3.5厘米从中脉发出，余者均自基出，最外1对极柔弱，网状脉明显; 叶柄长1-2厘米，无毛；叶鞘延长，长常为叶柄之半。花杂性，通常雌雄同株；花序与叶对生，短于叶或与叶等长；总花梗与叶柄近等长，无毛；苞片匙状长圆形，长3-3.5厘米，中部宽约0.8毫米，顶端阔而圆，与花序轴分离，呈浅杯状，狭长处与花序轴合生，仅边缘分离；雄蕊2枚，花药肾形，花丝粗短；子房球形，柱头3-4，稀有5。浆果球形，无柄，直径3-4毫米，成熟时红色，未成熟时干后变黑色。花期6-10月。
分布（Distribution）：原产东南亚，现广植于热带地区。我国华东南部、华南及西南有栽培。
用途（Use）：果实主要含胡椒硷和少量的胡椒挥发油，用于调味，亦作胃寒药，能温胃散寒、健胃止吐，服少量能增进食欲，过量则刺激胃粘膜引起充血性炎症。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 4 Page 115
Piper nigrum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 28. 1753.
胡椒 hu jiao | Piperaceae | Piper
Climbers woody. Nodes clearly enlarged and rooting, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate to ovate-oblong, rarely suborbicular, 10-15 × 5-9 cm, thick, ± leathery, glabrous, base rounded, usually slightly oblique, apex acute; veins 5-7(-9), apical pair arising 1.5-3.5 cm above base, alternate, others basal; reticulate veins prominent. Flowers polygamous, usually monoecious. Spikes leaf-opposed, to as long as leaves; peduncle nearly as long as petioles, glabrous; bracts spatulate-oblong, 3-3.5 × ca. 0.8 mm, adaxially adnate to rachis, only margin and broad, rounded apex free, shallowly cupular. Stamens 2, 1 on each side of ovary; filaments thick, short; anthers reniform. Ovary globose; stigmas 3 or 4, rarely 5. Drupe red when ripe, drying black when unripe, globose, 3-4 mm in diam., sessile. Fl. Jun-Oct.
Widely cultivated, often in forest clearings. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan [native to SE Asia]
The source of black and white pepper.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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