豇豆Vigna unguiculata

中文名(Chinese Name):豇豆
学名(Scientific Name): Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.
英文名(English Common Name):cowpea
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Vigna sinensis (L.) Savi ex Hassk.  Dolichos unguiculata L.  Dolichos sphaerospermus (L.) DC.
科属(Family & Genus):豆科(Leguminosae)豇豆属
形态特征(Description):一年生缠绕、草质藤本或近直立草本,有时顶端缠绕状。茎近无毛。羽状复叶具3小叶;托叶披针形,长约1厘米,着生处下延成一短距,有线纹;小叶卵状菱形,长5-15厘米,宽4-6厘米,先端急尖,边全缘或近全缘,有时淡紫色,无毛。总状花序腋生,具长梗;花2-6朵聚生于花序的顶端,花梗间常有肉质密腺;花萼浅绿色,钟状,长6-10毫米,裂齿披针形;花冠黄白色而略带青紫,长约2厘米,各瓣均具瓣柄,旗瓣扁圆形,宽约2厘米,顶端微凹,基部稍有耳,翼瓣略呈三角形,龙骨瓣稍弯;子房线形,被毛。荚果下垂,直立或斜展,线形,长7.5-70(90)厘米,宽6-10毫米,稍肉质而膨胀或坚实,有种子多颗;种子长椭圆形或圆柱形或稍肾形,长6-12毫米,黄白色、暗红色或其他颜色。花期5-8月。
分布Distribution):
用途Use):
引自植物志英文版FOC Vol. 10 Page 255, 258
Vigna unguiculata (Linnaeus) Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 779. 1842.
豇豆 jiang dou | Fabaceae  | Vigna
Annual or perennial herbs, erect, trailing, or twining. Stems 1-3 m, subglabrous. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, with a narrow spur below point of attachment; leaflets ovate-rhom­boid, 5-15 × 4-6 cm, lateral ones oblique, puberulent or gla­brous on both surfaces, base acute to rounded, apex acute. Ra­cemes axillary, with 2-6 flowers clustered at top of rachis. Calyx campanulate, 6-10 mm; teeth lanceolate. Standard yel­lowish white or violet, suborbicular, 1.2-3.3 × 1-3.2 cm, apex emarginate; wings blue to purple, subdeltoid; keel usually white or pale, not twisted. Legumes terete, 7.5-30(-90) × 0.6-1 cm. Seeds several, dark red or black, mottled with black or brown, oblong or reniform, 6-12 mm.
Widely cultivated in China [native to Africa and Asia; widely cul­tivated in tropical and subtropical regions].
豇豆Vigna unguiculata

豇豆Vigna unguiculata

豇豆Vigna unguiculata(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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