豆薯Pachyrhizus erosus

中文名(Chinese Name):豆薯
学名(Scientific Name):Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
英文名(English Common Name):yam bean
别名(Chinese Common Name):沙葛
异名(Synonym): Dolichos bulbosus L.  Dolichos erosus L.  Pachyrhizus angulatus Rich. ex DC.  Taeniocarpum articulatum (Lam.) Desv.  Stizolobium bulbosum Spreng.  Dolichos articulatus Lam.  Robynsia macrophylla M.Martens & Galeotti  Stizolobium domingense Spreng.  Robynsia lobata M.Martens & Galeotti  Pachyrhizus strigosus R.T.Clausen  Pachyrhizus palmatilobus (DC.)Benth. & Hook.f.  Pachyrhizus jicamas Blanco  Pachyrhizus articulatus Walp.  Dolichos palmatilobus DC.  Cacara palmatiloba (DC.)Kuntze  Cacara erosa (L.)Kuntze  Pachyrhizus erosus var. palmatilobus (DC.)R.T.Clausen  Pachyrhizus erosus var. typicus R.T.Clausen  Pachyrrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.
科属(Family & Genus):豆科(Leguminosae)豆薯属
形态特征(Description):粗壮、缠绕、草质藤本,稍被毛,有时基部稍木质。根块状,纺锤形或扁球形,一般直径在20-30厘米左右,肉质。羽状复叶具3小叶;托叶线状披针形,长5-11毫米;小托叶锥状,长约4毫米;小叶菱形或卵形,长4-18厘米,宽4-20厘米,中部以上不规则浅裂,裂片小,急尖,侧生小叶的两侧极不等,仅下面微被毛。总状花序长15-30厘米,每节有花3-5朵;小苞片刚毛状,早落;萼长9-11毫米,被紧贴的长硬毛;花冠浅紫色或淡红色,旗瓣近圆形,长15-20毫米,中央近基部处有一黄绿色斑块及2枚胼胝状附属物,瓣柄以上有2枚半圆形、直立的耳,翼瓣镰刀形,基部具线形、向下的长耳,龙骨瓣近镰刀形,长1.5-2厘米;雄蕊二体,对旗瓣的1枚离生;子房被浅黄色长硬毛,花柱弯曲,柱头位于顶端以下的腹面。荚果带形,长7.5-13厘米,宽12-15毫米,扁平,被细长糙伏毛;种子每荚8-10颗,近方形,长和宽5-10毫米,扁平。花期8月,果期11月。
分布(Distribution):原产热带美洲,现许多热带地区均有种植,我国南方有栽培。
用途(Use):块根可生食或熟食;种子含鱼藤酮(rotenone)可作杀虫剂,防治蚜虫有效。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 241
Pachyrhizus erosus (Linnaeus) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 311. 1905.
豆薯 dou shu| Fabaceae  | Pachyrhizus
Dolichos erosus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 726. 1753; Pachyrhi­zus angulatus Richard ex Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl.
Vines, robust, twining. Root tubers 10-20 cm in diam. Leaflets rhombic or ovate, 4-18 × 4-20 cm, upper margin often somewhat dentate or lobed, lateral ones very oblique, sparsely pubescent abaxially. Racemes axillary, 15-30 cm; flowers 3-5 at thickened nodes. Calyx campanulate, 9-11 mm, adpressed pilose. Corolla purplish or pink; standard suborbicular, 15-20 mm, with yellow-green spot and 2 thickenings near base; wings falcate, auriculate; keel subfalcate, 15-20 mm. Ovary yellowish hirsute; style curved. Legumes 7.5-13 × 1.2-1.5 cm, com­pressed, hirsute. Seeds 8-10, subsquare. Fl. Aug, fr. Nov.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hu­nan, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to tropical America; widely culti­vated in tropical regions].
This species is used as a vegetable.
豆薯Pachyrhizus erosus

豆薯Pachyrhizus erosus(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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