葫芦Lagenaria siceraria

中文名(Chinese Name):葫芦
学名(Scientific Name):Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.
英文名(English Common Name):bottle gourd
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Cucurbita leucantha Duchesne ex Lam.  Cucurbita siceraria Molina  Cucumis mairei H. Lév.  Lagenaria leucantha Rusby  Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.  Lagenaria vulgaris subsp. asiatica Kobjakova  Cucurbita lagenaria L.  Cucumis lagenaria (L.) Dumort.  Cucumis bicirrha J.R.Forst. ex Guill.  Cucurbita ciceraria Molina  Cucurbita idolatrica Willd.  Cucurbita idololatrica Willd.  Cucurbita lagenaria var. oblonga Blanco  Cucurbita lagenaria var. villosa Blanco  Cucurbita pyriformis M.Roem.  Cucurbita vittata Blume  Lagenaria bicornuta Chakrav.  Lagenaria idolatrica (Willd.) Ser. ex Cogn.  Lagenaria siceraria var. laevisperma Millán  Lagenaria vulgaris subsp. afrikana Kobjakova  Pepo lagenarius Moench
科属Family & Genus):葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)葫芦属
形态特征Description):一年生攀援草本;茎、枝具沟纹,被粘质长柔毛,老后渐脱落,变近无毛。叶柄纤细,长16-20厘米,有和茎枝一样的毛被,顶端有2腺体;叶片卵状心形或肾状卵形,长、宽均10-35厘米,不分裂或3-5裂,具5-7掌状脉,先端锐尖,边缘有不规则的齿,基部心形,弯缺开张,半圆形或近圆形,深1-3厘米,宽2-6厘米,两面均被微柔毛,叶背及脉上较密。卷须纤细,初时有微柔毛,后渐脱落,变光滑无毛,上部分2歧。雌雄同株,雌、雄花均单生。雄花:花梗细,比叶柄稍长,花梗、花萼、花冠均被微柔毛;花萼筒漏斗状,长约2厘米,裂片披针形,长5毫米;花冠黄色,裂片皱波状,长3-4厘米,宽2-3厘米,先端微缺而顶端有小尖头,5脉;雄蕊3,花丝长3-4毫米,花药长8-10毫米,长圆形,药室折曲。雌花花梗比叶柄稍短或近等长;花萼和花冠似雄花;花萼筒长2-3毫米;子房中间缢细,密生粘质长柔毛,花柱粗短,柱头3,膨大,2裂。果实初为绿色,后变白色至带黄色,由于长期栽培,果形变异很大,因不同品种或变种而异,有的呈亚铃状,中间缢细,下部和上部膨大,上部大于下部,长数十厘米,有的仅长10厘米(小葫芦),有的呈扁球形、棒状或构状,成熟后果皮变木质。种子白色,倒卵形或三角形,顶端截形或2齿裂,稀圆,长约20毫米。花期夏季,果期秋季。
分布(Distribution):广泛栽培于世界热带到温带地区。
用途(Use):幼嫩时可供菜食,成熟后外壳木质化,中空,可作各种容器,水瓢或儿童玩具;也可药用。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 19 Page 53
Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 3: 435. 1930.
葫芦 hu lu | Cucurbitaceae  | Lagenaria
Cucurbita siceraria Molina, Sag. Stor. Nat. Chili, 133. 1782; Cucumis mairei H. Léveillé; Cucurbita lagenaria Linnaeus; C. leucantha Duchesne, nom. illeg. superfl.; Lagenaria leucantha Rusby; L. leucantha var. clavata Makino; L. leucantha var. depressa (Seringe) Makino; L. leucantha var. makinoi Nakai; L. leucantha var. microcarpa (Naudin) Nakai; L. microcarpa Naudin; L. siceraria var. depressa (Seringe) H. Hara; L. siceraria var. microcarpa (Naudin) H. Hara; L. vulgaris Seringe; L. vulgaris subsp. asiatica Kobjakova; L. vulgaris var. depressa Seringe; L. vulgaris var. microcarpa Matsumura & Nakai.
Plants annual. Stem and branches sulcate-angular, pubescent. Tendrils filiform, puberulent. Petiole 16-20 cm, with 2 glands at apex; leaf blade ovate-cordate or reniform-ovate, 10-35 × 10-35 cm, undivided or 3-5-lobed, both surfaces puberulent, palmately 5-7-veined, base cordate, margin irregularly dentate. Plants monoecious; flowers solitary. Male flowers: pedicels slender; calyx tube funnelform, ca. 2 cm; segments lanceolate, ca. 5 mm; corolla yellow; segments 3-4 × 2-3 cm; filaments 3-4 mm; anthers oblong, 8-10 mm. Female flowers: calyx segments and corolla as in male flowers; ovary densely pubescent; stigma enlarged, 2-lobed. Fruit various in size and shape, woody when mature. Seeds white, obovate or triangular, ca. 20 mm, apex truncate. Fl. summer, fr. autumn.
Commonly cultivated in China [cultivated in all warmer areas of the world].
The fruit is used as a vegetable when young; woody when mature, it is used as various vessels.
葫芦Lagenaria siceraria

葫芦Lagenaria siceraria

葫芦Lagenaria siceraria

葫芦Lagenaria siceraria


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