番荔枝Annona squamosa

番荔枝Annona squamosa

番荔枝Annona squamosa

番荔枝Annona squamosa

番荔枝Annona squamosa

中文名(Chinese Name):番荔枝
学名(Scientific Name):Annona squamosa L.
英文名(English Common Name):custard apple
别名(Chinese Common Name):林檎、洋波罗
异名(Synonym):Annona forskahlii DC.  Annona cinerea Dunal  Xylopicron glabrum (L.) Crantz  Guanabanus squamosus (L.) M. Gómez  Xylopia glabra L.  Annona forsskalii DC.  Xylopia frutescens var. glabra S. Watson
科属Family & Genus):番荔枝科(Annonaceae)番荔枝属
形态特征(Description):落叶小乔木,高3-5米;树皮薄,灰白色,多分枝。叶薄纸质,排成两列,椭圆状披针形,或长圆形,长6-17.5厘米,宽2-7.5厘米,顶端急尖或钝,基部阔楔形或圆形,叶背苍白绿色,初时被微毛,后变无毛;侧脉每边8-15条,上面扁平,下面凸起。花单生或2-4朵聚生于枝顶或与叶对生,长约2厘米,青黄色,下垂;花蕾披针形;萼片三角形,被微毛;外轮花瓣狭而厚,肉质,长圆形,顶端急尖,被微毛,镊合状排列,内轮花瓣极小,退化成鳞片状,被微毛;雄蕊长圆形,药隔宽,顶端近截形;心皮长圆形,无毛,柱头卵状披针形,每心皮有胚珠1颗。果实由多数圆形或椭圆形的成熟心皮微相连易于分开而成的聚合浆果圆球状或心状圆锥形,直径5-10厘米,无毛,黄绿色,外面被白色粉霜。花期5-6月,果期6-11月。
分布(Distribution):原产热带美洲;现全球热带地区有栽培。
用途(Use):果食用,外形酷似荔枝,故名“番荔枝”,为热带地区著名水果。
引自中国植物志英文版| Annona squamosa Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 537. 1753.
番荔枝 fan li zhi Annonaceae  | Annona
Trees, deciduous, to 8 m tall. Bark thin. Branchlets pubescent, glabrescent. Petiole 4-15 mm; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or oblong, 5-17.5 × 2-7.5 cm, thinly papery to membranous, abaxially pale green and puberulent when young but glabrate in age, base obtuse to rounded and slightly decurrent, apex acute to obtuse, lateral veins 8-15 on each side of midvein, adaxially flat. Inflorescences 1-flowered or 2-4-fasciculate. Flowers 2-3 cm, puberulent. Sepals triangular. Outer petals basally green to purple, oblong-lanceolate, 1.5-3 × 0.5-0.8 cm, fleshy, thick, inside concave, keeled on apical half; inner petals absent or reduced to scales, as long as stamens. Stamens oblong, ca. 1 mm; connective broad, apex subtruncate. Carpels oblong, distinct at anthesis; stigmas ovate-lanceolate. Syncarp greenish yellow, slightly pruinose, spherical to ovoid, 5-10 cm in diam., areoles rounded, convex, separated by deep grooves; pulp white. Seeds black-brown, ca. 14 mm. Fl. May-Jul, fr. Jun-Nov.
Widely cultivated; near sea level to 200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [native to tropical America].
The fruit, sugar-apple or sweetsop, is edible. It contains more than 20% sugar, 2.3% protein, and 0.3% fat. The bast fiber is used for paper making; the roots are used medicinally for dysentery; and the seeds yield up to 20% oil.
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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