花叶滇苦菜Sonchus asper

中文名(Chinese Name):花叶滇苦菜
学名(Scientific Name):Sonchus asper Wulf. ex DC.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):断续菊
异名Synonym):Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L.  Sonchus viridis Zenari  Sonchus cuspidatus Blume  Sonchus infestus Poepp. ex DC.  Sonchus fallax Wallr.  Sonchus borderi Gand.  Sonchus sulphureus Boiss.  Sonchus eryngioides DC.  Sonchus tibesticus Quézel  Sonchus crocifolius Hort. ex Sch.Bip.  Sonchus carolinianus Walter  Sonchus umbellatus E.Mey. ex DC.  Sonchus ferox Wall.  Sonchus aemulus Merino  Sonchus spinulosus Bigel.  Sonchus decipiens (De Not.) Zenari  Sonchus fallax var. decipiens De Not.  Sonchus oleraceus f. asper (L.)  Sonchus oleraceus f. runcinatus Fiori  Sonchus oleraceus subsp. asper (L.) Ehrh.
科属Family & Genus):菊科Compositae苦苣菜属Sonchus
形态特征Description):一年生草本。根倒圆锥状,褐色,垂直直伸。茎单生或少数茎成簇生。茎直立,高20-50厘米,有纵纹或纵棱,上部长或短总状或伞房状花序分枝,或花序分枝极短缩,全部茎枝光滑无毛或上部及花梗被头状具柄的腺毛。基生叶与茎生叶同型,但较小;中下部茎叶长椭圆形、倒卵形、匙状或匙状椭圆形,包括渐狭的翼柄长7-13厘米,宽2-5厘米,顶端渐尖、急尖或钝,基部渐狭成短或较长的翼柄,柄基耳状抱茎或基部无柄,耳状抱茎;上部茎叶披针形,不裂,基部扩大,圆耳状抱茎。或下部叶或全部茎叶羽状浅裂、半裂或深裂,侧裂片4-5对椭圆形、三角形、宽镰刀形或半圆形。全部叶及裂片与抱茎的圆耳边缘有尖齿刺,两面光滑无毛,质地薄。头状花序少数C5个)或较多(10个)在茎枝顶端排稠密的伞房花序。总苞宽钟状,长约1.5厘米,宽1厘米;总苞片3-4层,向内层渐长,覆瓦状排列,绿色或绿色,草质,外层长披针形或长三角形,长3毫米,宽不足1毫米,中内层长椭圆状披针形至宽线形,长达1.5厘米,宽1.5-2毫米;全部苞片顶端急尖,外面光滑无毛。舌状小花黄色。瘦果倒披针状,褐色,长3毫米,宽1.1毫米,压扁,两面各有3条细纵肋,肋间无横皱纹。冠毛白色,长达7毫米,柔软,彼此纠缠,基部连合成环。花果期5-10月。
分布(Distribution):分布新疆、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、四川、云南、西藏。生于山坡、林缘及水边,海拔1 550-3 650米。欧洲、西亚、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、日本、喜马拉雅山也有分布。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 240, 241, 242     
Sonchus asper (Linnaeus) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47. 1769.
花叶滇苦菜 hua ye dian ku cai| Asteraceae  | Sonchus
Sonchus oleraceus Linnaeus var. asper Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 794. 1753; S. spinosus Lamarck.
Herbs 20-50 cm tall, annual. Stem usually unbranched and glabrous below synflorescence. Basal and lower stem leaves extremely variable, obovate, spatulate, or elliptic, 7-13 × 2-5 cm, undivided or ± irregularly pinnatisect, glabrous, adaxially dark green and ± glossy, base attenuate and ± auriculate, margin usually densely spinulosely dentate, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse; lateral lobes ± triangular, semiorbicular, or elliptic. Middle and upper stem leaves spatulate to lanceolate, base auriculately clasping with conspicuous rounded and appressed auricles, otherwise similar to lower leaves. Synflorescence densely corymbiform, with few to some capitula. Capitula with many florets; peduncle 0.5-5 cm, slender, glabrous or densely glandular hairy. Involucre ± campanulate, ca. 1.2 cm. Phyllaries abaxially glabrous or more rarely glandular hairy, apex acute; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 1-2 mm wide. Corolla ca. 1 cm. Achene ± broadly obcolumnar, 2-3 mm, strongly compressed, ± winged, between lateral ribs usually with 3 slender ribs on either side, space between slender ribs much wider than ribs, smooth with only lateral ribs usually antrorsely finely spinulose. Pappus ca. 7 mm, ± caducous. Fl. and fr. May-Oct. 2n = 18.
Mountain slopes, forest margins, by water, field margins, ruderal areas; 1500-3700 m. Naturalized in Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, and Zhejiang [presumably originating from Europe and Mediterranean region].
Sonchus asper is naturalized in areas adjacent to China including Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. The species is also naturalized in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Australia, New Guinea, North and South America, and Pacific islands (New Zealand).
 花叶滇苦菜Sonchus asper


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