鹤草Silene fortunei

中文名(Chinese Name):鹤草
学名(Scientific Name):Silene fortunei Regel
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):蝇子草,蚊子草
异名(Synonym):Silene kiiruninsularis Masam.  Silene argyi H. Lév.  Silene fissipetala Turcz.
科属(Family & Genus):石竹科Caryophyllaceae蝇子草属Silene
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高50-80 (-100) 厘米。根粗壮,木质化。茎丛生,直立,多分枝,被短柔毛或近无毛,分泌粘液。基生叶叶片倒披针形或披针形,长3-8厘米,宽7-12(-15)毫米,基部渐狭,下延成柄状,顶端急尖,两面无毛或早期被微柔毛,边缘具缘毛,中脉明显。聚伞状圆锥花序,小聚伞花序对生,具1-3花,有粘质,花梗细,长3-12 (-15) 毫米;苞片线形,长5-10毫米,被微柔毛;花萼长筒状,长 (22-) 25 (-30) 毫米,直径约3毫米,无毛,基部截形,果期上部微膨大呈筒状棒形,长25-30毫米,纵脉紫色,萼齿三角状卵形,长1.5-2毫米,顶端圆钝,边缘膜质,具短缘毛;雌雄蕊柄无毛,果期长10-15 (-17) 毫米;花瓣淡红色,爪微露出花萼,倒披针形,长10-15毫米,无毛,瓣片平展,轮廓楔状倒卵形,长约15毫米,2裂达瓣片的1/2或更深,裂片呈撕裂状条裂副花冠片小,舌状;雄蕊微外露,花丝无毛;花柱微外露。蒴果长圆形,长12-15毫米,直径约4毫米,比宿存萼短或近等长;种子圆肾形,微侧扁,深褐色,长约1毫米。花期6-8月,果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):产长江流域和黄河流域南部,东达福建、台湾,西至四川和甘肃东南部,北抵山东、河北、山西和陕西南部,生于平原或低山草坡或灌丛草地。
用途(Use):全草入药,治痢疾、肠炎、蝮蛇咬伤、挫伤、扭伤等。
引自中国植物志英文版: FOC Vol. 6 Page 72     
Silene fortunei Visiani, Linnaea. 24: 181. 1851.
鹤草 he cao | Caryophyllaceae  | Silene
Silene argyi H. Léveillé; S. fissipetala Turczaninow; S. kiiruninsularis Masamune.
Herbs perennial, 50--80(--100) cm tall. Roots robust, lignified. Stems caespitose, erect, multibranched, shortly villous or subglabrous, viscid. Basal leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate, withered at anthesis, 3--8 cm × 7--12(--15) mm, both surfaces glabrous or villous when young, margin ciliate, midvein prominent, base attenuate into short petiole. Cauline leaves with short sterile axillary branches, gradually smaller than basal leaves. Flowers 2(--2.5) cm in diam., erect, in a lax, few-flowered thyrse; cymules with peduncles shorter than or subequaling pedicels, opposite, 1--3-flowered. Pedicel 3--12(--15) mm, slender; bracts linear, 5--10 mm, ciliate. Calyx narrowly tubular, (2.2--)2.5--3 cm × ca. 3 mm, glabrous, inflated above and clavate in fruit, longitudinal veins green or violet; teeth 1.5--2 mm. Androgynophore 1--1.5(--1.7) mm in fruit, glabrous. Petal claws slightly exserted beyond calyx, oblanceolate, 1--1.5 cm, glabrous; limbs exserted, pale red, cuneate-obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, deeply bifid to middle or more; lobes laciniate; coronal scales ligulate, small. Stamens and styles slightly exserted; filaments glabrous. Styles 3. Capsule 1.2--1.5 cm × ca. 4 mm, shorter than or equaling calyx. Seeds dark brown, orbicular-reniform, slightly flattened, ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep. 2n = 30*.
* Scrub, plateaus, low mountain scrub grasslands. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Hebei, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan.
The present authors have not seen type material of Silene fissipetala or S. kiiruninsularis .
This species is used medicinally.
 鹤草Silene fortunei
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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