荔枝草Salvia plebeia

中文名(Chinese Name):荔枝草
学名(Scientific Name):Salvia plebeia R. Br.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):野芝麻
异名(Synonym):Ocimum fastigiatum Roth  Salvia minutiflora Bunge  Salvia plebeia var. latifolia E. Peter  Salvia brachiata Roxb.  Lumnitzera fastigiata (Roth) Spreng.  Mosla virgata (Thunb.) Tanaka
科属(Family & Genus):唇形科Labiatae鼠尾草属Salvia
形态特征(Description):一年生或二年生草本;主根肥厚,向下直伸,有多数须根。茎直立,高15-90厘米,粗壮,多分枝,被向下的灰白色疏柔毛。叶椭圆状卵圆形或椭圆状披针形,长2-6厘米,宽0.8-2.5厘米,先端钝或急尖,基部圆形或楔形,边缘具圆齿、牙齿或尖锯齿,草质,上面被稀疏的微硬毛,下面被短疏柔毛,余部散布黄褐色腺点;叶柄长4-15毫米,腹凹背凸,密被疏柔毛。轮伞花序6花,多数,在茎、枝顶端密集组成总状或总状圆锥花序,花序长10-25厘米,结果时延长;苞片披针形,长于或短于花萼;先端渐尖,基部渐狭,全缘,两面被疏柔毛,下面较密,边缘具缘毛;花梗长约1毫米,与花序轴密被疏柔毛。花萼钟形,长约2.7毫米,外面被疏柔毛,散布黄褐色腺点,内面喉部有微柔毛,二唇形,唇裂约至花萼长1/3,上唇全缘,先端具3个小尖头,下唇深裂成2齿,齿三角形,锐尖。花冠淡红、淡紫、紫、蓝紫至蓝色,稀白色,长4.5毫米,冠筒外面无毛,内面中部有毛环,冠檐二唇形,上唇长圆形,长约1.8毫米,宽1毫米,先端微凹,外面密被微柔毛,两侧折合,下唇长约1.7毫米,宽3毫米,外面被微柔毛,3裂,中裂片最大,阔倒心形,顶端微凹或呈浅波状,侧裂片近半圆形。能育雄蕊2,着生于下唇基部,略伸出花冠外,花丝长1.5毫米,药隔长约1.5毫米,弯成弧形,上臂和下臂等长,上臂具药室,二下臂不育,膨大,互相联合。花柱和花冠等长,先端不相等2裂,前裂片较长。花盘前方微隆起。小坚果倒卵圆形,直径0.4毫米,成熟时干燥,光滑。花期4-5月,果期6-7月。
分布(Distribution):除新疆、甘肃、青海及西藏外几产全国各地;生于山坡,路旁,沟边,田野潮湿的土壤上,海拔可至2800米。朝鲜,日本,阿富汗,印度,缅甸,泰国,越南,马来西亚至澳大利亚也有。
用途(Use):全草入药。
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 17 Page 216
Salvia plebeia R. Brown, Prodr. 501. 1810.
荔枝草 li zhi cao | Lamiaceae  | Salvia
Lumnitzeria fastigiata (Roth) Sprengel; Ocimum fastigiatum Roth; O. virgatum Thunberg; Salvia brachiata Roxburgh; S. minutiflora Bunge; S. plebeia var. latifolia E. Peter.
Herbs annual or biennial. Stems erect, 15-90 cm, robust, much branched, retrorse gray pilose. Petiole 4-15 mm; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 × 0.8-2.5 cm, adaxially sparsely minutely hispid, abaxially finely pilose, sparsely yellow-brown glandular, base rounded to cuneate, margin crenate, dentate, or serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences densely pilose; verticillasters 6-flowered, numerous, in racemes or panicles 10-25 cm; bracts lanceolate. Pedicel ca. 1 mm. Calyx campanulate, ca. 2.7 mm, pilose, sparsely yellow-brown glandular, 2-lipped to 1/3 its length; upper lip 3-denticulate; lower lip deeply 2-toothed, teeth triangular. Corolla reddish, purplish, purple, blue-purple, to blue, rarely white, ca. 4.5 mm; tube glabrous, hairy annulate inside; upper lip oblong, ca. 1.8 × 1 mm, densely puberulent; lower lip ca. 1.7 × 1 mm, middle lobe broadly obovate. Stamens slightly exserted; filaments ca. 1.5 mm; connectives ca. 1.5 mm, arcuate, arms subequal. Nutlets obovoid, ca. 0.4 mm in diam. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jun-Jul.
Hillsides, streamsides, wet fields; 0-2800 m. In every province except Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang [Afghanistan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Myanmar, Russia, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia]
Used as a folk medicine. Easily recognized by the very small flowers.
 荔枝草Salvia plebeia

荔枝草Salvia plebeia
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