库页堇菜Viola sacchalinensis
中文名（Chinese Name）：库页堇菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola sacchalinensis H. de Boiss.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola mutsuensis W. Becker Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola P. Y. Fu et Y. C. Teng Viola komarovii W. Becker Viola koraiensis Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，开始无地上茎，高2-5厘米，以后逐渐抽出地上茎，高可达20余厘米。根状茎细，残存褐色鳞片状托叶。叶片心形、卵状心形或肾形，长与宽均为1-2.5厘米，先端钝圆，基部心形或宽心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面具褐色腺点，无毛或近无毛；叶柄细，下部者长4.5厘米，上部者较短；托叶卵状披针形或狭卵形，长0.8-1厘米，宽2-4毫米，先端渐尖，基部内侧与叶柄合生，边缘密生流苏状细齿。花淡紫色，生于茎上部叶的叶腋，具长梗；花梗超出叶，长达5.5厘米，中部以上靠近花处有2枚线形苞片；萼片披针形，长约5毫米，先端渐尖，基部的附属物长2-3毫米，末端具齿裂，全缘，无毛；侧瓣长圆状，里面基部有须毛，下瓣连距长1.3-1.6厘米，距较短，长约3毫米，比萼片的附属物长1倍，平伸或稍向上弯；子房无毛，常有腺点，花柱基部稍向前方膝曲，向上渐增粗，呈棍棒状，由顶部至喙端有乳头状附属物；喙呈钩状，喙端具向上倾斜且较大的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，先端尖，无毛。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林（长白山）。生于山地林下或林缘。日本、朝鲜及苏联远东地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 75, 82
Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 57: 188. 1910.
库叶堇菜 ku ye jin cai | Violaceae | Viola
Herbs perennial, acaulescent at first, 2-5 cm tall, later gradually caulescent, to more than 20 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome slender, with brown remains of scalelike stipules. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 cm × 2-4 mm, apex acuminate, adnate to petioles at base inside, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate; petiole slender, lower ones ca. 4.5 cm, upper ones shorter; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or reniform, 1-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces with brown glandular dots, glabrous or subglabrous, base cordate or broadly cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse. Flowers bluish violet, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding leaves, to 5.5 cm, with 2 opposite bracteoles near flower. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex slightly dentate. Upper and lateral petals obovate, throat white, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one oblong, 1.3-1.6 cm (spur included), distinctly veined in throat; spur shorter, ca. 3 mm, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward. Ovary glabrous, often with glandular dots; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, clavate, papillose; beak hooked, with a larger stigma hole curved upward. Capsule ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acute. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep.
Forests, sparse deciduous forests, forest margins, alpine grasslands; 400-2400 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Viola sacchalinensis H. de Boiss.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Viola mutsuensis W. Becker Viola sacchalinensis var. alpicola P. Y. Fu et Y. C. Teng Viola komarovii W. Becker Viola koraiensis Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：堇菜科（Violaceae）堇菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，开始无地上茎，高2-5厘米，以后逐渐抽出地上茎，高可达20余厘米。根状茎细，残存褐色鳞片状托叶。叶片心形、卵状心形或肾形，长与宽均为1-2.5厘米，先端钝圆，基部心形或宽心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面具褐色腺点，无毛或近无毛；叶柄细，下部者长4.5厘米，上部者较短；托叶卵状披针形或狭卵形，长0.8-1厘米，宽2-4毫米，先端渐尖，基部内侧与叶柄合生，边缘密生流苏状细齿。花淡紫色，生于茎上部叶的叶腋，具长梗；花梗超出叶，长达5.5厘米，中部以上靠近花处有2枚线形苞片；萼片披针形，长约5毫米，先端渐尖，基部的附属物长2-3毫米，末端具齿裂，全缘，无毛；侧瓣长圆状，里面基部有须毛，下瓣连距长1.3-1.6厘米，距较短，长约3毫米，比萼片的附属物长1倍，平伸或稍向上弯；子房无毛，常有腺点，花柱基部稍向前方膝曲，向上渐增粗，呈棍棒状，由顶部至喙端有乳头状附属物；喙呈钩状，喙端具向上倾斜且较大的柱头孔。蒴果椭圆形，先端尖，无毛。
分布（Distribution）：产吉林（长白山）。生于山地林下或林缘。日本、朝鲜及苏联远东地区也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 75, 82
Viola sacchalinensis H. Boissieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 57: 188. 1910.
库叶堇菜 ku ye jin cai | Violaceae | Viola
Herbs perennial, acaulescent at first, 2-5 cm tall, later gradually caulescent, to more than 20 cm tall, glabrous. Rhizome slender, with brown remains of scalelike stipules. Stipules ovate-lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 0.8-1 cm × 2-4 mm, apex acuminate, adnate to petioles at base inside, margin densely fimbriate-denticulate; petiole slender, lower ones ca. 4.5 cm, upper ones shorter; blade cordate, ovate-cordate, or reniform, 1-2.5 × 1-2.5 cm, both surfaces with brown glandular dots, glabrous or subglabrous, base cordate or broadly cordate, margin obtusely serrate, apex obtuse. Flowers bluish violet, long pedicellate; pedicels exceeding leaves, to 5.5 cm, with 2 opposite bracteoles near flower. Sepals lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, apex acuminate, basal auricles 2-3 mm, glabrous, margin entire, apex slightly dentate. Upper and lateral petals obovate, throat white, lateral ones distinctly bearded, anterior one oblong, 1.3-1.6 cm (spur included), distinctly veined in throat; spur shorter, ca. 3 mm, horizontally straight or slightly curved upward. Ovary glabrous, often with glandular dots; styles slightly geniculate forward at base, gradually thickened upward, clavate, papillose; beak hooked, with a larger stigma hole curved upward. Capsule ellipsoid, glabrous, apex acute. Fl. Apr-Jul, fr. Jun-Sep.
Forests, sparse deciduous forests, forest margins, alpine grasslands; 400-2400 m. Heilongjiang, Jilin, Nei Mongol [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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