狼毒Stellera chamaejasme
中文名（Chinese Name）：狼毒
学名（Scientific Name）：Stellera chamaejasme L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：断肠草
异名（Synonym）：Stellera chamaejasme var. angustifolia Diels Stellera bodinieri H. Lév. Wikstroemia chamaejasme (L.) Domke Daphne hypericifolia Wall. Passerina chamaejasme Fisch. ex Meisn. Passerina concinna (Edgew.) Walp. Passerina dichotoma (Fisch. ex Sweet) Steud. Passerina stelleri Wikstr. Stellera rosea Nakai Stellera chamaejasme f. angustifolia Diels Stellera chamaejasme f. chrysantha S.C. Huang Stellera chamaejasme subsp. angustifolia (Diels) Kit Tan Stellera concinna Edgew. Stellera dichotoma Fisch. ex Sweet Stellera himalayensis Gand. Stellera hypericifolia (Wall. ex Meisn.) Endl. Wikstroemia hypericifolia Wall. ex Meisn. Wikstroemia rosea (Nakai) Domke
科属（Family & Genus）：瑞香科（Thymelaeaceae）狼毒属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高20-50厘米；根茎木质，粗壮，圆柱形，不分枝或分枝，表面棕色，内面淡黄色；茎直立，丛生，不分枝，纤细，绿色，有时带紫色，无毛，草质，基部木质化，有时具棕色鳞片。叶散生，稀对生或近轮生，薄纸质，披针形或长圆状披针形，稀长圆形，长12-28毫米，宽3-10毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，稀钝形，基部圆形至钝形或楔形，上面绿色，下面淡绿色至灰绿色，边缘全缘，不反卷或微反卷，中脉在上面扁平，下面隆起，侧脉4-6对，第2对直伸直达叶片的2/3，两面均明显；叶柄短，长约1.1毫米，基部具关节，上面扁平或微具浅沟。花白色、黄色至带紫色，芳香，多花的头状花序，顶生，圆球形；具绿色叶状总苞片；无花梗；花萼筒细瘦，长9-11毫米，具明显纵脉，基部略膨大，无毛，裂片5，卵状长圆形，长2-4毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端圆形，稀截形，常具紫红色的网状脉纹；雄蕊10，2轮，下轮着生花萼筒的中部以上，上轮着生于花萼筒的喉部，花药微伸出，花丝极短，花药黄色，线状椭圆形，长约1.5毫米；花盘一侧发达，线形，长约1.8毫米，宽约0.2毫米，顶端微2裂；子房椭圆形，几无柄，长约2毫米，直径1.2毫米，上部被淡黄色丝状柔毛，花柱短，柱头头状，顶端微被黄色柔毛。果实圆锥形，长5毫米，直径约2毫米，上部或顶部有灰白色柔毛，为宿存的花萼筒所包围；种皮膜质，淡紫色。花期4-6月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国北方各省区及西南地区，生于海拔2600-4200米的干燥而向阳的高山草坡、草坪或河滩台地。俄罗斯西伯利亚也有分布。
用途（Use）：狼毒的毒性较大，可以杀虫；根入药，有祛痰、消积、止痛之功能，外敷可治疥癣。根还可提取工业用酒精，根及茎皮可造纸。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 250
Stellera chamaejasme Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 559. 1753.
狼毒 lang du| Thymelaeaceae | Stellera
Chamaejasme stelleriana Kuntze; Stellera bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. chamaejasme f. angustifolia Diels; S. chamaejasme f. chrysantha S. C. Huang; Wikstroemia chamaejasme (Linnaeus) Domke.
Herbs perennial, 20-50 cm tall. Rhizome woody, terete, stout, branched or not. Stems many, clustered, erect, unbranched, base woody, sometimes brown scaly, upper part herbaceous, green or sometimes purple, glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or ± whorled; petiole short, ca. 1.1 mm, articulate at base; leaf blade pale or grayish green abaxially, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong, 1.2-2.8 × 0.3-1 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded to cuneate, margin slightly revolute or not, apex acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse; lateral veins 4-6 pairs, visible on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal, capitate, globose, many flowered, with involucre of green leaflike bracts. Flowers fragrant; pedicel absent. Calyx white, yellow, or reddish purple; tube cylindric, 9-11 mm, slender, conspicuously ribbed, slightly swollen at base, exterior glabrous; lobes 5, ovate-oblong, 2-4 × ca. 2 mm, apex rounded or rarely truncate, usually with red, reticulate veins. Stamens 10, lower whorl inserted above middle of calyx tube, upper whorl in throat; filaments very short; anthers yellow, linear-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm; upper ones slightly exserted from calyx tube. Disk developed on one side, linear, ca. 1.8 × 0.2 mm, apex slightly 2-lobed. Ovary ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, sessile, yellow silky-pubescent distally; style short; stigma capitate, apex sparsely yellow pubescent. Drupe conic, ca. 5 × 2 mm, grayish white pubescent at apex or upper part, enclosed in persistent calyx. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Sunny and dry slopes, sandy places; 2600-4200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Stellera chamaejasme L.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：断肠草
异名（Synonym）：Stellera chamaejasme var. angustifolia Diels Stellera bodinieri H. Lév. Wikstroemia chamaejasme (L.) Domke Daphne hypericifolia Wall. Passerina chamaejasme Fisch. ex Meisn. Passerina concinna (Edgew.) Walp. Passerina dichotoma (Fisch. ex Sweet) Steud. Passerina stelleri Wikstr. Stellera rosea Nakai Stellera chamaejasme f. angustifolia Diels Stellera chamaejasme f. chrysantha S.C. Huang Stellera chamaejasme subsp. angustifolia (Diels) Kit Tan Stellera concinna Edgew. Stellera dichotoma Fisch. ex Sweet Stellera himalayensis Gand. Stellera hypericifolia (Wall. ex Meisn.) Endl. Wikstroemia hypericifolia Wall. ex Meisn. Wikstroemia rosea (Nakai) Domke
科属（Family & Genus）：瑞香科（Thymelaeaceae）狼毒属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高20-50厘米；根茎木质，粗壮，圆柱形，不分枝或分枝，表面棕色，内面淡黄色；茎直立，丛生，不分枝，纤细，绿色，有时带紫色，无毛，草质，基部木质化，有时具棕色鳞片。叶散生，稀对生或近轮生，薄纸质，披针形或长圆状披针形，稀长圆形，长12-28毫米，宽3-10毫米，先端渐尖或急尖，稀钝形，基部圆形至钝形或楔形，上面绿色，下面淡绿色至灰绿色，边缘全缘，不反卷或微反卷，中脉在上面扁平，下面隆起，侧脉4-6对，第2对直伸直达叶片的2/3，两面均明显；叶柄短，长约1.1毫米，基部具关节，上面扁平或微具浅沟。花白色、黄色至带紫色，芳香，多花的头状花序，顶生，圆球形；具绿色叶状总苞片；无花梗；花萼筒细瘦，长9-11毫米，具明显纵脉，基部略膨大，无毛，裂片5，卵状长圆形，长2-4毫米，宽约2毫米，顶端圆形，稀截形，常具紫红色的网状脉纹；雄蕊10，2轮，下轮着生花萼筒的中部以上，上轮着生于花萼筒的喉部，花药微伸出，花丝极短，花药黄色，线状椭圆形，长约1.5毫米；花盘一侧发达，线形，长约1.8毫米，宽约0.2毫米，顶端微2裂；子房椭圆形，几无柄，长约2毫米，直径1.2毫米，上部被淡黄色丝状柔毛，花柱短，柱头头状，顶端微被黄色柔毛。果实圆锥形，长5毫米，直径约2毫米，上部或顶部有灰白色柔毛，为宿存的花萼筒所包围；种皮膜质，淡紫色。花期4-6月，果期7-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国北方各省区及西南地区，生于海拔2600-4200米的干燥而向阳的高山草坡、草坪或河滩台地。俄罗斯西伯利亚也有分布。
用途（Use）：狼毒的毒性较大，可以杀虫；根入药，有祛痰、消积、止痛之功能，外敷可治疥癣。根还可提取工业用酒精，根及茎皮可造纸。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 13 Page 250
Stellera chamaejasme Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 559. 1753.
狼毒 lang du| Thymelaeaceae | Stellera
Chamaejasme stelleriana Kuntze; Stellera bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. chamaejasme f. angustifolia Diels; S. chamaejasme f. chrysantha S. C. Huang; Wikstroemia chamaejasme (Linnaeus) Domke.
Herbs perennial, 20-50 cm tall. Rhizome woody, terete, stout, branched or not. Stems many, clustered, erect, unbranched, base woody, sometimes brown scaly, upper part herbaceous, green or sometimes purple, glabrous. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or ± whorled; petiole short, ca. 1.1 mm, articulate at base; leaf blade pale or grayish green abaxially, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, rarely oblong, 1.2-2.8 × 0.3-1 cm, thinly papery, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded to cuneate, margin slightly revolute or not, apex acuminate or acute, rarely obtuse; lateral veins 4-6 pairs, visible on both surfaces. Inflorescences terminal, capitate, globose, many flowered, with involucre of green leaflike bracts. Flowers fragrant; pedicel absent. Calyx white, yellow, or reddish purple; tube cylindric, 9-11 mm, slender, conspicuously ribbed, slightly swollen at base, exterior glabrous; lobes 5, ovate-oblong, 2-4 × ca. 2 mm, apex rounded or rarely truncate, usually with red, reticulate veins. Stamens 10, lower whorl inserted above middle of calyx tube, upper whorl in throat; filaments very short; anthers yellow, linear-ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 mm; upper ones slightly exserted from calyx tube. Disk developed on one side, linear, ca. 1.8 × 0.2 mm, apex slightly 2-lobed. Ovary ellipsoid, ca. 2 × 1.2 mm, sessile, yellow silky-pubescent distally; style short; stigma capitate, apex sparsely yellow pubescent. Drupe conic, ca. 5 × 2 mm, grayish white pubescent at apex or upper part, enclosed in persistent calyx. Fl. Apr-May, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 18*.
Sunny and dry slopes, sandy places; 2600-4200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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