地榆Sanguisorba officinalis
中文名（Chinese Name）：地榆
学名（Scientific Name）：Sanguisorba officinalis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：great burnet
别名（Chinese Common Name）：黄爪香
异名（Synonym）：Poterium officinale (L.) A. Gray Sanguisorba polygama F. Nyl. Sanguisorba officinalis var. longa Kitag. Sanguisorba officinalis var. montana (Jord.) Focke Sanguisorba officinalis var. polygama (F. Nyl.) Serg. Sanguisorba montana Jord. Sanguisorba officinalis var. microcephala Kitag. Sanguisorba officinalis f. microcephala (Kitag.) Kitagawa Sanguisorba officinalis var. cordifolia Liou et Li Pimpinella officinalis (L.) Lam. Poterium boreale Salisb., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba altissima Moench, nom. illegit. Sanguisorba andersonii G.Don Sanguisorba auriculata Scop. Sanguisorba baicalensis Popl. Sanguisorba bracteosa Besser ex Eichw. Sanguisorba cernua Besser Sanguisorba cordifolia Opiz Sanguisorba cylindrica Charb. Sanguisorba hispanica Mill. Sanguisorba komaroviana Nedol. Sanguisorba konradii Opiz Sanguisorba major Bubani, nom. inval. Sanguisorba menziesii Rydb. Sanguisorba microcephala C.Presl Sanguisorba nudicaulis Raf. Sanguisorba praecox Besser ex Rchb., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba rectispica Kitag. Sanguisorba rubra Schrank Sanguisorba sabauda Mill. Sanguisorba serotina Jord. Sanguisorba serpentini H.J.Coste & Puech Sanguisorba taurica Juz. Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis var. nana Rouy Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. microcephala (C.Presl) Calder & R.L.Taylor Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. montana (Jord. ex Boreau) Gremli Sanguisorba officinalis var. altissima Moench ex Steud., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba officinalis f. pilosella (Ohwi) H.Hara Sanguisorba officinalis var. hispanica (Mill.) Willd. Sanguisorba officinalis var. pilosella Ohwi Sanguisorba officinalis var. sabauda (Mill.) Steud. Sanguisorba officinalis var. serotina (Jord.) A.Braun & Bouch‚ Sanguisorba officinalis var. serpentini (H.J.Coste & Puech) Rouy & E.G.Camus
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）地榆属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-120厘米。根粗壮，多呈纺锤形，稀圆柱形，表面棕褐色或紫褐色，有纵皱及横裂纹，横切面黄白或紫红色，较平正。茎直立，有稜，无毛或基部有稀疏腺毛。基生叶为羽状复叶，有小叶4-6对，叶柄无毛或基部有稀疏腺毛；小叶片有短柄，卵形或长圆状卵形，长1-7厘米，宽0.5-3厘米，顶端圆钝稀急尖，基部心形至浅心形，边缘有多数粗大圆钝稀急尖的锯齿，两面绿色，无毛；茎生叶较少，小叶片有短柄至几无柄，长圆形至长圆披针形，狭长，基部微心形至圆形，顶端急尖；基生叶托叶膜质，褐色，外面无，毛或被稀疏腺毛，茎生叶托叶大，草质，半卵形，外侧边缘有尖锐锯齿。穗状花序椭圆形，圆柱形或卵球形，直立，通常长1-3(4）厘米，横径0.5-1厘米，从花序顶端向下开放，花序梗光滑或偶有稀疏腺毛；苞片膜质，披针形，顶端渐尖至尾尖，比萼片短或近等长，背面及边缘有柔毛；萼片4枚，紫红色，椭圆形至宽卵形，背面被疏柔毛，中央微有纵稜脊，顶端常具短尖头；雄蕊4枚，花丝丝状，不扩大，与萼片近等长或稍短；子房外面无毛或基部微被毛，柱头顶端扩大，盘形，边缘具流苏状乳头。果实包藏在宿存萼筒内，外面有斗稜。花果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国大部分省区，生海拔30-3000米草原、草甸、山坡草地、灌丛中、疏林下。广布于欧洲、亚洲北温带。
用途（Use）：本种根为止血要药及治疗烧伤、烫伤，此外有些地区用来提制栲胶，嫩叶可食，又作代茶饮。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 385
Sanguisorba officinalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
地榆 di yu| Rosaceae | Sanguisorba
Herbs perennial, 30–120 cm tall. Rootstock brown or purple-brown, robust, usually fusiform, rarely terete, cross section yellow-white or purple. Stems erect, angular, glabrous, or base pilose or sparsely glandular hairy. Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, glabrous or abaxially sparsely glandular hairy; petiole long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, base sheathing and imbricate, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; leaf blade with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both surfaces, ovate, oblong-ovate, fasciated oblong, or fasciated lanceolate, 1–7 × 0.5–3 cm, base cordate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely or rarely acutely serrate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose; cauline leaves: stipules large, semiovate, herbaceous, margin acutely serrate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base subcordate to rounded, apex acute. Inflorescences erect, spicate, ellipsoid, cylindric, or ovoid, usually 1–6 × 0.5–1 cm, flowering from apex to base; rachis glabrous or occasionally sparsely glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, membranous, abaxially pilose, apex acuminate to caudate. Sepals 4, purple, red, pink, or white, elliptic to broadly ovate, abaxially pilose, with faint longitudinal midvein, usually with shortly acute apex. Stamens 4; filaments filiform, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond them or not. Ovary glabrous or puberulous; stigma dilated, discoid, margin fimbriate-papillate. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands, grassy mountain slopes, damp places in ravines, stream banks; near sea level to 3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guandong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Asia, Europe].
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Sanguisorba officinalis L.
英文名（English Common Name）：great burnet
别名（Chinese Common Name）：黄爪香
异名（Synonym）：Poterium officinale (L.) A. Gray Sanguisorba polygama F. Nyl. Sanguisorba officinalis var. longa Kitag. Sanguisorba officinalis var. montana (Jord.) Focke Sanguisorba officinalis var. polygama (F. Nyl.) Serg. Sanguisorba montana Jord. Sanguisorba officinalis var. microcephala Kitag. Sanguisorba officinalis f. microcephala (Kitag.) Kitagawa Sanguisorba officinalis var. cordifolia Liou et Li Pimpinella officinalis (L.) Lam. Poterium boreale Salisb., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba altissima Moench, nom. illegit. Sanguisorba andersonii G.Don Sanguisorba auriculata Scop. Sanguisorba baicalensis Popl. Sanguisorba bracteosa Besser ex Eichw. Sanguisorba cernua Besser Sanguisorba cordifolia Opiz Sanguisorba cylindrica Charb. Sanguisorba hispanica Mill. Sanguisorba komaroviana Nedol. Sanguisorba konradii Opiz Sanguisorba major Bubani, nom. inval. Sanguisorba menziesii Rydb. Sanguisorba microcephala C.Presl Sanguisorba nudicaulis Raf. Sanguisorba praecox Besser ex Rchb., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba rectispica Kitag. Sanguisorba rubra Schrank Sanguisorba sabauda Mill. Sanguisorba serotina Jord. Sanguisorba serpentini H.J.Coste & Puech Sanguisorba taurica Juz. Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. officinalis Sanguisorba officinalis var. nana Rouy Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. microcephala (C.Presl) Calder & R.L.Taylor Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. montana (Jord. ex Boreau) Gremli Sanguisorba officinalis var. altissima Moench ex Steud., nom. illegit. Sanguisorba officinalis f. pilosella (Ohwi) H.Hara Sanguisorba officinalis var. hispanica (Mill.) Willd. Sanguisorba officinalis var. pilosella Ohwi Sanguisorba officinalis var. sabauda (Mill.) Steud. Sanguisorba officinalis var. serotina (Jord.) A.Braun & Bouch‚ Sanguisorba officinalis var. serpentini (H.J.Coste & Puech) Rouy & E.G.Camus
科属（Family & Genus）：蔷薇科（Rosaceae）地榆属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-120厘米。根粗壮，多呈纺锤形，稀圆柱形，表面棕褐色或紫褐色，有纵皱及横裂纹，横切面黄白或紫红色，较平正。茎直立，有稜，无毛或基部有稀疏腺毛。基生叶为羽状复叶，有小叶4-6对，叶柄无毛或基部有稀疏腺毛；小叶片有短柄，卵形或长圆状卵形，长1-7厘米，宽0.5-3厘米，顶端圆钝稀急尖，基部心形至浅心形，边缘有多数粗大圆钝稀急尖的锯齿，两面绿色，无毛；茎生叶较少，小叶片有短柄至几无柄，长圆形至长圆披针形，狭长，基部微心形至圆形，顶端急尖；基生叶托叶膜质，褐色，外面无，毛或被稀疏腺毛，茎生叶托叶大，草质，半卵形，外侧边缘有尖锐锯齿。穗状花序椭圆形，圆柱形或卵球形，直立，通常长1-3(4）厘米，横径0.5-1厘米，从花序顶端向下开放，花序梗光滑或偶有稀疏腺毛；苞片膜质，披针形，顶端渐尖至尾尖，比萼片短或近等长，背面及边缘有柔毛；萼片4枚，紫红色，椭圆形至宽卵形，背面被疏柔毛，中央微有纵稜脊，顶端常具短尖头；雄蕊4枚，花丝丝状，不扩大，与萼片近等长或稍短；子房外面无毛或基部微被毛，柱头顶端扩大，盘形，边缘具流苏状乳头。果实包藏在宿存萼筒内，外面有斗稜。花果期7-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产我国大部分省区，生海拔30-3000米草原、草甸、山坡草地、灌丛中、疏林下。广布于欧洲、亚洲北温带。
用途（Use）：本种根为止血要药及治疗烧伤、烫伤，此外有些地区用来提制栲胶，嫩叶可食，又作代茶饮。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 9 Page 385
Sanguisorba officinalis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 116. 1753.
地榆 di yu| Rosaceae | Sanguisorba
Herbs perennial, 30–120 cm tall. Rootstock brown or purple-brown, robust, usually fusiform, rarely terete, cross section yellow-white or purple. Stems erect, angular, glabrous, or base pilose or sparsely glandular hairy. Radical leaves: stipules brown, membranous, glabrous or abaxially sparsely glandular hairy; petiole long, glabrous or sparsely glandular, base sheathing and imbricate, sometimes sparsely glandular hairy; leaf blade with 4–6 pairs of leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, green on both surfaces, ovate, oblong-ovate, fasciated oblong, or fasciated lanceolate, 1–7 × 0.5–3 cm, base cordate to broadly cuneate, margin coarsely obtusely or rarely acutely serrate, both surfaces glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose; cauline leaves: stipules large, semiovate, herbaceous, margin acutely serrate; leaflets shortly petiolulate or sessile, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, base subcordate to rounded, apex acute. Inflorescences erect, spicate, ellipsoid, cylindric, or ovoid, usually 1–6 × 0.5–1 cm, flowering from apex to base; rachis glabrous or occasionally sparsely glandular hairy; bracts lanceolate, shorter than or nearly equaling sepals, membranous, abaxially pilose, apex acuminate to caudate. Sepals 4, purple, red, pink, or white, elliptic to broadly ovate, abaxially pilose, with faint longitudinal midvein, usually with shortly acute apex. Stamens 4; filaments filiform, 0.5–1 × as long as sepals, exserted beyond them or not. Ovary glabrous or puberulous; stigma dilated, discoid, margin fimbriate-papillate. Fruiting hypanthium longitudinally 4-ribbed. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov.
Thinned forests, forest margins, thickets, meadows, grasslands, grassy mountain slopes, damp places in ravines, stream banks; near sea level to 3000 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guandong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Asia, Europe].
This species is used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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