黄花倒水莲Polygala fallax
中文名（Chinese Name）：黄花倒水莲
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygala fallax Hemsl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：假黄花远志、黄花远志
异名（Synonym）：Polygala aureocauda Dunn Polygala forbesii Chodat
科属（Family & Genus）：远志科（Polygalaceae）远志属
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1-3米；根粗壮，多分枝，表皮淡黄色。枝灰绿色，密被长而平展的短柔毛。单叶互生，叶片膜质，披针形至椭圆状披针形，长8-17（-20）厘米，宽4-6.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形至钝圆，全缘，叶面深绿色，背面淡绿色，两面均被短柔毛，主脉上面凹陷，背面隆起，侧脉8-9对，背面突起，于边缘网结，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长9-14毫米，上面具槽，被短柔毛。总状花序顶生或腋生，长10-15厘米，直立，花后延长达30厘米，下垂，被短柔毛；花梗基部具线状长圆形小苞片，早落；萼片5，早落，具缘毛，外面3枚小，不等大，上面1枚盔状，长6-7毫米，其余2枚卵形至椭圆形，长3毫米，里面2枚大，花瓣状，斜倒卵形，长1.5厘米，宽7-8毫米，先端圆形，基部渐狭；花瓣正黄色，3枚，侧生花瓣长圆形，长约10毫米，2/3以上与龙骨瓣合生，先端几截形，基部向上盔状延长，内侧无毛，龙骨瓣盔状，长约12毫米，鸡冠状附属物具柄，流苏状，长约3毫米；雄蕊8，长10-11毫米，花丝2/3以下连合成鞘，花药卵形；子房圆形，压扁，径3-4毫米，具缘毛，基部具环状花盘，花柱细，长8-9毫米，先端略呈2浅裂的喇叭形，柱头具短柄。蒴果阔倒心形至圆形，绿黄色，径10-14毫米，具半同心圆状凸起的棱，无翅及缘毛，顶端具喙状短尖头，具短柄。种子圆形，径约4毫米，棕黑色至黑色，密被白色短柔毛，种阜盔状，顶端突起。花期5-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、福建、湖南、广东、广西和云南；生于海拔360-1650米山谷林下水旁荫湿处。
用途（Use）：本种之根入药，有补气血、健脾利湿、活血调经的功能。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 143, 145
Polygala fallax Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 59. 1886.
黄花倒水莲 huang hua dao shui lian | Polygalaceae | Polygala
Polygala aureocauda Dunn; P. fallax Hayek ex Zahlbruckner (1900), not Hemsley (1886), nor Chodat (1889); P. forbesii Chodat.
Shrubs or small trees, 1-3 m tall. Roots stout, multibranched, outside yellowish. Branchlets gray-green, densely explanate, pubescent. Petiole 9-14 mm, pubescent, sulcate adaxially; leaf blade green, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-17(-20) × 4-6.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces pubescent, midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lateral veins 8 or 9 pairs, raised abaxially, anastomosing near margin, reticulate veins distinct, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or axillary, 10-15 cm, pubescent; bracteoles caducous, basal, linear-oblong. Sepals 5, ciliate, caducous after anthesis; outer sepals 3, small, unequal, upper one helmet-shaped, 6-7 mm, other 2 ovate to elliptic, ca. 3 mm; inner sepals 2, petaloid, obliquely obovate, large, ca. 1.5 × 0.7-0.8 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded. Petals 3, connate in lower 2/3, yellow; lateral petals oblong, ca. 1 cm, inside glabrous at base, apex nearly truncate; keel hooded, ca. 1.2 cm, apex with fimbriate appendages, with stalk ca. 3 mm. Stamens 8, 1-1.1 cm, lower 2/3 united forming an open staminal sheath; anthers ovoid. Disk annular. Ovary globose, compressed, 3-4 mm in diam., ciliate; style 8-9 mm, thin, apex tubiform, shallowly 2-lobed; stigma with short stalk. Capsule green-yellow, broadly obcordate to orbicular or obovoid, 1-1.4 cm in diam., not winged and eciliate; carpels with concentric circles costate. Seeds 2, brown-black, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely white pubescent; strophiole hooded, apex convex. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Polygala fallax Hemsl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：假黄花远志、黄花远志
异名（Synonym）：Polygala aureocauda Dunn Polygala forbesii Chodat
科属（Family & Genus）：远志科（Polygalaceae）远志属
形态特征（Description）：灌木或小乔木，高1-3米；根粗壮，多分枝，表皮淡黄色。枝灰绿色，密被长而平展的短柔毛。单叶互生，叶片膜质，披针形至椭圆状披针形，长8-17（-20）厘米，宽4-6.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形至钝圆，全缘，叶面深绿色，背面淡绿色，两面均被短柔毛，主脉上面凹陷，背面隆起，侧脉8-9对，背面突起，于边缘网结，细脉网状，明显；叶柄长9-14毫米，上面具槽，被短柔毛。总状花序顶生或腋生，长10-15厘米，直立，花后延长达30厘米，下垂，被短柔毛；花梗基部具线状长圆形小苞片，早落；萼片5，早落，具缘毛，外面3枚小，不等大，上面1枚盔状，长6-7毫米，其余2枚卵形至椭圆形，长3毫米，里面2枚大，花瓣状，斜倒卵形，长1.5厘米，宽7-8毫米，先端圆形，基部渐狭；花瓣正黄色，3枚，侧生花瓣长圆形，长约10毫米，2/3以上与龙骨瓣合生，先端几截形，基部向上盔状延长，内侧无毛，龙骨瓣盔状，长约12毫米，鸡冠状附属物具柄，流苏状，长约3毫米；雄蕊8，长10-11毫米，花丝2/3以下连合成鞘，花药卵形；子房圆形，压扁，径3-4毫米，具缘毛，基部具环状花盘，花柱细，长8-9毫米，先端略呈2浅裂的喇叭形，柱头具短柄。蒴果阔倒心形至圆形，绿黄色，径10-14毫米，具半同心圆状凸起的棱，无翅及缘毛，顶端具喙状短尖头，具短柄。种子圆形，径约4毫米，棕黑色至黑色，密被白色短柔毛，种阜盔状，顶端突起。花期5-8月，果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产江西、福建、湖南、广东、广西和云南；生于海拔360-1650米山谷林下水旁荫湿处。
用途（Use）：本种之根入药，有补气血、健脾利湿、活血调经的功能。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 11 Page 143, 145
Polygala fallax Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 59. 1886.
黄花倒水莲 huang hua dao shui lian | Polygalaceae | Polygala
Polygala aureocauda Dunn; P. fallax Hayek ex Zahlbruckner (1900), not Hemsley (1886), nor Chodat (1889); P. forbesii Chodat.
Shrubs or small trees, 1-3 m tall. Roots stout, multibranched, outside yellowish. Branchlets gray-green, densely explanate, pubescent. Petiole 9-14 mm, pubescent, sulcate adaxially; leaf blade green, lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 8-17(-20) × 4-6.5 cm, membranous, both surfaces pubescent, midvein raised abaxially, impressed adaxially, lateral veins 8 or 9 pairs, raised abaxially, anastomosing near margin, reticulate veins distinct, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex acuminate. Racemes terminal or axillary, 10-15 cm, pubescent; bracteoles caducous, basal, linear-oblong. Sepals 5, ciliate, caducous after anthesis; outer sepals 3, small, unequal, upper one helmet-shaped, 6-7 mm, other 2 ovate to elliptic, ca. 3 mm; inner sepals 2, petaloid, obliquely obovate, large, ca. 1.5 × 0.7-0.8 cm, base attenuate, apex rounded. Petals 3, connate in lower 2/3, yellow; lateral petals oblong, ca. 1 cm, inside glabrous at base, apex nearly truncate; keel hooded, ca. 1.2 cm, apex with fimbriate appendages, with stalk ca. 3 mm. Stamens 8, 1-1.1 cm, lower 2/3 united forming an open staminal sheath; anthers ovoid. Disk annular. Ovary globose, compressed, 3-4 mm in diam., ciliate; style 8-9 mm, thin, apex tubiform, shallowly 2-lobed; stigma with short stalk. Capsule green-yellow, broadly obcordate to orbicular or obovoid, 1-1.4 cm in diam., not winged and eciliate; carpels with concentric circles costate. Seeds 2, brown-black, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam., densely white pubescent; strophiole hooded, apex convex. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Aug-Oct.
- Forests, streamsides, moist areas in valleys; (400-)1200-1700 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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