白屈菜Chelidonium majus
中文名（Chinese Name）：白屈菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Chelidonium majus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：celandine
别名（Chinese Common Name）：土黄连
异名（Synonym）：Chelidonium grandiflorum DC. Chelidonium haematodes Moench Chelidonium laciniatum var. fumariifolium DC. Chelidonium laciniatum Mill. Chelidonium luteum Gilib. Chelidonium majus f. laciniatum Schube Chelidonium majus subsp. laciniatum (Mill.) Domin Chelidonium majus var. fumariifolium (DC.) K.Koch Chelidonium majus var. plenum Latourr. Chelidonium majus var. tenuifolium Lilj. Chelidonium murale P.Renault Chelidonium olidum Tarscher. ex Ott Chelidonium quercifolium Willemet Chelidonium ruderale Salisb. Chelidonium umbelliferum Stokes
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）白屈菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-60(-100)厘米。主根粗壮，圆锥形，侧根多，暗褐色。茎聚伞状多分枝，分枝常被短柔毛，节上较密，后变无毛。基生叶少，早凋落，叶片倒卵状长圆形或宽倒卵形，长8-20厘米，羽状全裂，全裂片2-4对，倒卵状长圆形，具不规则的深裂或浅裂，裂片边缘圆齿状，表面绿色，无毛，背面具白粉，疏被短柔毛；叶柄长2-5厘米，被柔毛或无毛，基部扩大成鞘；茎生叶叶片长2-8厘米，宽1-5厘米；叶柄长0.5-1.5厘米，其他同基生叶。伞形花序多花；花梗纤细，长2-8厘米，幼时被长柔毛，后变无毛；苞片小，卵形，长1-2毫米。花芽卵圆形，直径5-8毫米；萼片卵圆形，舟状，长5-8毫米，无毛或疏生柔毛，早落；花瓣倒卵形，长约1厘米，全缘，黄色；雄蕊长约8毫米，花丝丝状，黄色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米；子房线形，长约8毫米，绿色，无毛，花柱长约1毫米，柱头2裂。蒴果狭圆柱形，长2-5厘米，粗2-3毫米，具通常比果短的柄。种子卵形，长约1毫米或更小，暗褐色，具光泽及蜂窝状小格。花果期4-9月。
分布（Distribution）：我国大部分省区均有分布，生于海拔500-2200米的山坡、山谷林缘草地或路旁、石缝。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：种子含油40%以上；全草入药，有毒。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 286
Chelidonium majus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 505. 1753.
白屈菜 bai qu cai| Papaveraceae | Chelidonium
Chelidonium grandiflorum (Candolle) Candolle; C. majus subsp. grandiflorum (Candolle) Printz; C. majus var. grandiflorum Candolle.
Herbs, perennial, 30-60(-100) cm tall. Taproot conical, stout, lateral roots many. Stems cymose, branched; branches often pubescent, densely so on nodes, later glabrous. Basal leaves few, caducous; petiole 2-5 cm, pubescent or glabrous, base ampliate to sheath; blade glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, obovate-oblong or broadly obovate, 8-20 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, pinnatisect; lobes 2-4 pairs, obovate-oblong, irregularly parted or lobed; lobe margin crenate. Upper cauline leaves: petiole 5-15 mm; blade 2-8 × 1-5 cm. Inflorescence an umbel, multiflorous. Pedicel tenuous, 2-8 cm, villous when young, later glabrous. Bracts ovate, small, 1-2 mm. Flower buds ovoid, 5-8 mm in diam. Sepals caducous, ovoid, cymbiform, 5-8 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petals yellow, obovate, ca. 1 cm, entire. Stamens ca. 8 mm; filaments yellow, filamentous; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary green, linear, ca. 8 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 1 mm; stigmas 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly terete, 2-5 cm × 2-3 mm; pedicel usually shorter than fruit. Seeds dark brown, shiny, ovoid, ca. 1 mm or shorter, alveolate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep. 2n = 10, 12.
Slopes, forest margins, grasslands, roadsides, stone crevices, shaded banks, streamsides; 500-2200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, C and NE Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe].
One of us (Grey-Wilson) notes that the Asian plant is often distinguished as Chelidonium majus var. grandiflorum on account of its larger flowers (flowers to 3.5 cm wide; rarely over 2.5 cm in European and SW Asian specimens).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Chelidonium majus L.
英文名（English Common Name）：celandine
别名（Chinese Common Name）：土黄连
异名（Synonym）：Chelidonium grandiflorum DC. Chelidonium haematodes Moench Chelidonium laciniatum var. fumariifolium DC. Chelidonium laciniatum Mill. Chelidonium luteum Gilib. Chelidonium majus f. laciniatum Schube Chelidonium majus subsp. laciniatum (Mill.) Domin Chelidonium majus var. fumariifolium (DC.) K.Koch Chelidonium majus var. plenum Latourr. Chelidonium majus var. tenuifolium Lilj. Chelidonium murale P.Renault Chelidonium olidum Tarscher. ex Ott Chelidonium quercifolium Willemet Chelidonium ruderale Salisb. Chelidonium umbelliferum Stokes
科属（Family & Genus）：罂粟科（Papaveraceae）白屈菜属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，高30-60(-100)厘米。主根粗壮，圆锥形，侧根多，暗褐色。茎聚伞状多分枝，分枝常被短柔毛，节上较密，后变无毛。基生叶少，早凋落，叶片倒卵状长圆形或宽倒卵形，长8-20厘米，羽状全裂，全裂片2-4对，倒卵状长圆形，具不规则的深裂或浅裂，裂片边缘圆齿状，表面绿色，无毛，背面具白粉，疏被短柔毛；叶柄长2-5厘米，被柔毛或无毛，基部扩大成鞘；茎生叶叶片长2-8厘米，宽1-5厘米；叶柄长0.5-1.5厘米，其他同基生叶。伞形花序多花；花梗纤细，长2-8厘米，幼时被长柔毛，后变无毛；苞片小，卵形，长1-2毫米。花芽卵圆形，直径5-8毫米；萼片卵圆形，舟状，长5-8毫米，无毛或疏生柔毛，早落；花瓣倒卵形，长约1厘米，全缘，黄色；雄蕊长约8毫米，花丝丝状，黄色，花药长圆形，长约1毫米；子房线形，长约8毫米，绿色，无毛，花柱长约1毫米，柱头2裂。蒴果狭圆柱形，长2-5厘米，粗2-3毫米，具通常比果短的柄。种子卵形，长约1毫米或更小，暗褐色，具光泽及蜂窝状小格。花果期4-9月。
分布（Distribution）：我国大部分省区均有分布，生于海拔500-2200米的山坡、山谷林缘草地或路旁、石缝。朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯及欧洲也有。
用途（Use）：种子含油40%以上；全草入药，有毒。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 7 Page 286
Chelidonium majus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 505. 1753.
白屈菜 bai qu cai| Papaveraceae | Chelidonium
Chelidonium grandiflorum (Candolle) Candolle; C. majus subsp. grandiflorum (Candolle) Printz; C. majus var. grandiflorum Candolle.
Herbs, perennial, 30-60(-100) cm tall. Taproot conical, stout, lateral roots many. Stems cymose, branched; branches often pubescent, densely so on nodes, later glabrous. Basal leaves few, caducous; petiole 2-5 cm, pubescent or glabrous, base ampliate to sheath; blade glaucous abaxially, green adaxially, obovate-oblong or broadly obovate, 8-20 cm, abaxially sparsely shortly pubescent, adaxially glabrous, pinnatisect; lobes 2-4 pairs, obovate-oblong, irregularly parted or lobed; lobe margin crenate. Upper cauline leaves: petiole 5-15 mm; blade 2-8 × 1-5 cm. Inflorescence an umbel, multiflorous. Pedicel tenuous, 2-8 cm, villous when young, later glabrous. Bracts ovate, small, 1-2 mm. Flower buds ovoid, 5-8 mm in diam. Sepals caducous, ovoid, cymbiform, 5-8 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Petals yellow, obovate, ca. 1 cm, entire. Stamens ca. 8 mm; filaments yellow, filamentous; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Ovary green, linear, ca. 8 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 1 mm; stigmas 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly terete, 2-5 cm × 2-3 mm; pedicel usually shorter than fruit. Seeds dark brown, shiny, ovoid, ca. 1 mm or shorter, alveolate. Fl. and fr. Apr-Sep. 2n = 10, 12.
Slopes, forest margins, grasslands, roadsides, stone crevices, shaded banks, streamsides; 500-2200 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, C and NE Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia; Europe].
One of us (Grey-Wilson) notes that the Asian plant is often distinguished as Chelidonium majus var. grandiflorum on account of its larger flowers (flowers to 3.5 cm wide; rarely over 2.5 cm in European and SW Asian specimens).
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