小巢菜Vicia hirsuta
中文名（Chinese Name）：小巢菜
学名（Scientific Name）：Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：tiny vetch
别名（Chinese Common Name）：硬毛果野豌豆
异名（Synonym）： Ervum hirsutum L. Vicia taquetii H. Lév. Vicioides hirsuta Moench Ervum terronii Ten. Cracca minor Gren. & Godr. Cracca hirsuta (L.)Gennari Vicia mitchellii Raf. Vicia coreana H.Lev. Ervum filiforme Roxb. Ervilia vulgaris Godr. Ervilia hirsuta Opiz Endiusa hirsuta Alef.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,野豌豆属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高15-90 (-120) 厘米，攀援或蔓生。茎细柔有棱，近无毛。偶数羽状复叶末端卷须分支；托叶线形，基部有2-3裂齿；小叶4-8对，线形或狭长圆形，长0.5-1.5厘米，宽0.1-0.3厘米，先端平截，具短尖头，基部渐狭，无毛。总状花序明显短于叶；花萼钟形，萼齿披针形，长约0.2厘米；花2-4 (-7) 密集于花序轴顶端，花甚小，仅长0.3-0.5厘米；花冠白色、淡蓝青色或紫白色，稀粉红色，旗瓣椭圆形，长约0.3厘米，先端平截有凹，翼瓣近勺形，与旗瓣近等长，龙骨瓣较短；子房无柄，密被褐色长硬毛，胚珠2，花柱上部四周被毛。荚果长圆菱形，长0.5-1厘米，宽0.2-0.5厘米，表皮密被棕褐色长硬毛；种子2，扁圆形，直径0.15-0.25厘米，两面凸出，种脐长相当于种子圆周的1/3。花果期2-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、青海、华东、华中、广东、广西及西南等地。生于海拔200-1900米山沟、河滩、田边或路旁草丛。北美、北欧、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜亦有。
用途（Use）：本种为绿肥及饲料，牲畜喜食。全草入药，有活血、平胃、明目、消炎等功效。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 561, 570
Vicia hirsuta (Linnaeus) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614. 1821.
小巢菜 xiao chao cai | Fabaceae | Vicia
Ervum hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 738. 1753; Vicia coreana H. Léveillé; V. hirsuta var. hefeiana J. Q. He; V. taquetii H. Léveillé; Vicioides hirsuta (Linnaeus) Moench.
Herbs annual, 15-90(-120) cm tall. Stem climbing, slender, glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate; stipules semisagittate or lanceolate, margin 2- or 3-toothed at base; leaflets 4-8-paired, linear or narrowly oblong, 5-15 × 1-3 mm, glabrous; tendril branched. Raceme obviously shorter than leaf, densely 2-4(-7)-flowered at apex of rachis. Calyx campanulate. Corolla white to light purple, rarely pink, 2-4(-5) mm; standard elliptic, subequaling wings and longer than keel. Ovary sessile, densely rigidly hairy; ovules 2. Legume oblong-rhomboid, 5-10 × 2-5 mm, hirsute. Seeds 2, oblate-spheroid. Fl. Feb-Jun, fr. Feb-Aug. 2n = 12, 14.
Valleys, grassy slopes, grasslands, creek banks, along streams, farms, fields and field margins, villages, gardens, cultivated areas, roadsides; sea level to 2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, N Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan; Africa, C and SW Asia, N Atlantic islands, Europe; introduced and naturalized elsewhere].
"Ervum filiforme" (Wallich, Numer. List, no. 5955. 1831) belongs here but is a nomen nudum and was therefore not validly published.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：tiny vetch
别名（Chinese Common Name）：硬毛果野豌豆
异名（Synonym）： Ervum hirsutum L. Vicia taquetii H. Lév. Vicioides hirsuta Moench Ervum terronii Ten. Cracca minor Gren. & Godr. Cracca hirsuta (L.)Gennari Vicia mitchellii Raf. Vicia coreana H.Lev. Ervum filiforme Roxb. Ervilia vulgaris Godr. Ervilia hirsuta Opiz Endiusa hirsuta Alef.
科属（Family & Genus）：蝶形花科,Fabaceae,野豌豆属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高15-90 (-120) 厘米，攀援或蔓生。茎细柔有棱，近无毛。偶数羽状复叶末端卷须分支；托叶线形，基部有2-3裂齿；小叶4-8对，线形或狭长圆形，长0.5-1.5厘米，宽0.1-0.3厘米，先端平截，具短尖头，基部渐狭，无毛。总状花序明显短于叶；花萼钟形，萼齿披针形，长约0.2厘米；花2-4 (-7) 密集于花序轴顶端，花甚小，仅长0.3-0.5厘米；花冠白色、淡蓝青色或紫白色，稀粉红色，旗瓣椭圆形，长约0.3厘米，先端平截有凹，翼瓣近勺形，与旗瓣近等长，龙骨瓣较短；子房无柄，密被褐色长硬毛，胚珠2，花柱上部四周被毛。荚果长圆菱形，长0.5-1厘米，宽0.2-0.5厘米，表皮密被棕褐色长硬毛；种子2，扁圆形，直径0.15-0.25厘米，两面凸出，种脐长相当于种子圆周的1/3。花果期2-7月。
分布（Distribution）：产陕西、甘肃、青海、华东、华中、广东、广西及西南等地。生于海拔200-1900米山沟、河滩、田边或路旁草丛。北美、北欧、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜亦有。
用途（Use）：本种为绿肥及饲料，牲畜喜食。全草入药，有活血、平胃、明目、消炎等功效。
引自植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 10 Page 561, 570
Vicia hirsuta (Linnaeus) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614. 1821.
小巢菜 xiao chao cai | Fabaceae | Vicia
Ervum hirsutum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 738. 1753; Vicia coreana H. Léveillé; V. hirsuta var. hefeiana J. Q. He; V. taquetii H. Léveillé; Vicioides hirsuta (Linnaeus) Moench.
Herbs annual, 15-90(-120) cm tall. Stem climbing, slender, glabrescent. Leaves paripinnate; stipules semisagittate or lanceolate, margin 2- or 3-toothed at base; leaflets 4-8-paired, linear or narrowly oblong, 5-15 × 1-3 mm, glabrous; tendril branched. Raceme obviously shorter than leaf, densely 2-4(-7)-flowered at apex of rachis. Calyx campanulate. Corolla white to light purple, rarely pink, 2-4(-5) mm; standard elliptic, subequaling wings and longer than keel. Ovary sessile, densely rigidly hairy; ovules 2. Legume oblong-rhomboid, 5-10 × 2-5 mm, hirsute. Seeds 2, oblate-spheroid. Fl. Feb-Jun, fr. Feb-Aug. 2n = 12, 14.
Valleys, grassy slopes, grasslands, creek banks, along streams, farms, fields and field margins, villages, gardens, cultivated areas, roadsides; sea level to 2900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Nepal, N Pakistan, Russia, Turkmenistan; Africa, C and SW Asia, N Atlantic islands, Europe; introduced and naturalized elsewhere].
"Ervum filiforme" (Wallich, Numer. List, no. 5955. 1831) belongs here but is a nomen nudum and was therefore not validly published.
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