广布野豌豆Vicia cracca

中文名(Chinese Name):广布野豌豆
学名(Scientific Name):Vicia cracca L.
英文名(English Common Name):bird vetch
别名(Chinese Common Name):草藤、落豆秧
异名(Synonym):Vicia macrophylla (Maxim.)B.Fedtsch.  Vicia heteropus Freyn  Vicia oreophila Zertova  Vicia oiana Honda  Vicia cracca var. japonica Miq.
科属(Family & Genus):蝶形花科,Fabaceae,野豌豆属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高40-150厘米。根细长,多分支。茎攀援或蔓生,有棱,被柔毛。偶数羽状复叶,叶轴顶端卷须有2-3分支;托叶半箭头形或戟形,上部2深裂;小叶5-12对互生,线形、长圆或披针状线形,长1.1-3厘米,宽0.2-0.4厘米,先端锐尖或圆形,具短尖头,基部近圆或近楔形,全缘;叶脉稀疏,呈三出脉状,不甚清晰。总状花序与叶轴近等长,花多数,10-40密集一面向着生于总花序轴上部;花萼钟状,萼齿5,近三角状披针形;花冠紫色、蓝紫色或紫红色,长约0.8-1.5厘米;旗瓣长圆形,中部缢缩呈提琴形,先端微缺,瓣柄与瓣片近等长;翼瓣与旗瓣近等长,明显长于龙骨瓣先端钝;子房有柄,胚珠4-7,花柱弯与子房联接处呈大于90°夹角,上部四周被毛。荚果长圆形或长圆菱形,长2-2.5厘米,宽约0.5厘米,先端有喙,果梗长约0.3厘米。种子3-6,扁圆球形,直径约0.2厘米,种皮黑褐色,种脐长相当于种子周长1/3。花果期5-9月。
分布(Distribution):广布于我国各省区的草甸、林缘、山坡、河滩草地及灌丛。欧亚、北美也有。
用途(Use):本种为水土保持绿肥作物。嫩时为牛羊等牲畜喜食饲料,花期早春为蜜源植物之一。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 561, 562, 563
Vicia cracca Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 735. 1753.
广布野豌豆 guang bu ye wan dou | Fabaceae  | Vicia
Ervum cracca (Linnaeus) Trautvetter; Vicia cracca f. canescens Maximowicz; V. cracca var. canescens (Maximo­wicz) Franchet & Savatier; V. cracca subsp. heteropus Freyn; V. cracca var. japonica Miquel.
Herbs perennial, 40-150 cm tall. Stem climbing or trailing, hairy (sometimes densely gray-white villous) or gla­brescent. Leaves paripinnate; stipules semihastate; leaflets 5-12-paired, linear, linear-lanceolate, or oblong, 11-30 × 2-4 mm, margin entire, apex rounded or acute, mucronate; lateral veins sparse, not obvious; tendril 2- or 3-branched. Raceme sub­equaling leaf, 10-40-flowered. Calyx campanulate. Corolla pur­ple, blue-purple, or purple-red, 8-13(-15) mm; standard violin-shaped, equaling wings and longer than keel, limb (distal part) of standard subequaling claw (proximal part). Ovary stalked; ovules 4-7. Legume oblong or oblong-rhomboid, 20-25 × ca. 5 mm, apex beaked. Seeds 3-6. Fl. (Dec), Apr-Sep, fr. May-Oct. 2n = 12, 14, 21, 22, 24, 28.
Forest margins, thickets, scrub, hill slopes, valleys, grasslands, meadows, streamsides, wet sandy land, alluvium, fields, roadsides; be­low 4200 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan (?intro­duced), Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia, N Vietnam; SW Asia, Europe; intro­duced and naturalized elsewhere].
 广布野豌豆Vicia cracca

广布野豌豆Vicia cracca



广布野豌豆Vicia cracca
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