田菁Sesbania cannabina

中文名(Chinese Name):田菁
学名(Scientific Name):Sesbania cannabina Poir.
英文名(English Common Name):sesbania
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Aeschynomene cannabina Retz.  Sesbania aculeata var. cannabina (Retz.) Baker  Coronilla cannabina Willd.  Sesbania cannabina var. floribunda Gagnep.  Sesbania cannabiana (Retz.) Poir, 1806  Agati cannabina (Retz.) Desv.
科属Family & Genus):蝶形花科,Fabaceae,田菁属
形态特征Description):一年生草本,高3-3.5米。茎绿色,有时带褐色红色,微被白粉,有不明显淡绿色线纹。平滑,基部有多数不定根,幼枝疏被白色绢毛,后秃净,折断有白色粘液,枝髓粗大充实。羽状复叶;叶轴长15-25厘米,上面具沟槽,幼时疏被绢毛,后儿无毛;托叶披针形,早落;小叶20-30 (-40)对,对生或近对生,线状长圆形,长8-20 (-40)毫米,宽2.5-4 (-7)毫米,位于叶轴两端者较短小,先端钝至截平,具小尖头,基部圆形,两侧不对称,上面无毛,下面幼时疏被绢毛,后秃净,两面被紫色小腺点,下面尤密;小叶柄长约1毫米,疏被毛;小托叶钻形,短于或几等于小叶柄,宿存。总状花序长3-10厘米,具2-6朵花,疏松;总花梗及花梗纤细,下垂,疏被绢毛;苞片线状披针形,小苞片2枚,均早落;花萼斜钟状,长3-4毫米,无毛,萼齿短三角形,先端锐齿,各齿间常有1-3腺状附属物,内面边缘具白色细长曲柔毛;花冠黄色,旗瓣横椭圆形至近圆形,长9-10毫米,先端微凹至圆形,基部近圆形,外面散生大小不等的紫黑点和线,胼胝体小,梨形,瓣柄长约2毫米,翼瓣倒卵状长圆形,与旗瓣近等长,宽约3.5毫米,基部具短耳,中部具较深色的斑块,并横向皱折,龙骨瓣较翼瓣短,三角状阔卵形,长宽近相等,先端圆钝,平三角形,瓣柄长约4.5毫米;雄蕊二体,对旗瓣的1枚分离,花药卵形至长圆形;雌蕊无毛,柱头头状,顶生。荚果细长,长圆柱形,长12-22厘米,宽2.5-3.5毫米,微弯,外面具黑褐色斑纹,喙尖,长5-7(-10)毫米,果颈长约5毫米,开裂,种子间具横隔,有种子20-35粒;种子绿褐色,有光泽,短圆柱状,长约4毫米,径2-3毫米,种脐圆形,稍偏于一端。花果期7-12月。
分布(Distribution):产海南、江苏、浙江、江西、福建、广西、云南,通常生于水田、水沟等潮湿低地。印度、中南半岛、马来西亚至澳大利亚等地也有。
用途(Use):茎、叶可作绿肥及牲畜饲料。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 313
Sesbania cannabina (Retzius) Poiret, Encycl. 7: 130. 1806.
田菁 tian jing | Fabaceae  | Sesbania
Aeschynomene cannabina Retzius, Observ. Bot. 5: 26: 1789.
Herbs, annual, 3-3.5 m tall. Stems green or sometimes brown, smooth, with inconspicuous light greenish stripes, slightly glaucous, basally with many adventitious roots; young branches sparsely appressed villous, glabrescent, with white mucilage when broken. Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Leaves 40-60(-80)-foliolate; rachis 15-25 cm, sparsely appressed vil­lous when young, glabrescent, adaxially grooved; petiolules ca. 1 mm, with sparsely appressed trichomes; stipels subulate, sub­equal to petiolules or shorter, persistent; leaflet blades oppo­site or subopposite, linear-oblong, 8-20(-40) × 2.5-4(-7) mm, smaller at both ends of rachis than in middle, both surfaces with appressed purplish glands but abaxially denser, abaxially sparsely appressed villous when young but glabrescent, adaxi­ally glabrous, both ends asymmetric, base rounded, apex blunt to truncate and mucronate. Racemes 3-10 cm, 2-6-flowered, lax; peduncle slender, pendulous, sparsely appressed villous; bract linear-lanceolate, caducous. Pedicel slender, pendulous, sparsely appressed villous; bracteoles 2, caducous. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 3-4 mm, glabrous; teeth triangular, with 1-3 appendages between each, inner margin white slender pi­lose, apex acute. Corolla yellow; standard lamina transversely ovate to suborbicular, 9-10 mm, with a ca. 2 mm claw, base subrounded and with a small pyriform callus, apex retuse to rounded; wings obovate-oblong, ± as long as standard, ca. 3.5 mm wide, with transverse corrugation, base shortly auriculate, middle with dark grayish brown spots; keel broadly triangular-ovate, shorter than wings, as long as wide, with a ca. 4.5 mm claw, apex obtuse. Anthers ovate to oblong. Pistil glabrous; stig­ma capitate. Legume long terete, slightly curved, 12-22 cm × 2.5-3.5 mm, dehiscent, outside with dark brown stripes, tra­beculate between seeds, carpopodium ca. 5 mm, apex acute and with a 5-7(-10) mm beak. Seeds 20-35 per legume, greenish brown, terete, ca. 4 × 2-3 mm, glossy; hilum rounded, slightly oblique to one end. Fl. and fr. Jul-Dec. 2n = 24.
Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in open wastelands and paddy field margins. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shandong, Shanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [probably native to Australia and SW Pacific islands].
This species is widely cultivated for fibers and often naturalized in Africa, Asia, Australia, Indian Ocean Islands, and Pacific islands.
 田菁Sesbania cannabina

田菁Sesbania cannabina

田菁Sesbania cannabina

田菁Sesbania cannabina
(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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