草木樨Melilotus officinalis

中文名(Chinese Name):草木樨
学名(Scientific Name):Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.
英文名(English Common Name):sweetclover
别名(Chinese Common Name):黄香草木犀
异名(Synonym):Melilotus graveolens Bunge  Melilotus officinalis f. suaveolens (Ledeb.) H. Ohashi et Tateishi  Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.  Trifolium medium var. officinale L.  Sertula suaveolens (Ledeb.) Kuntze  Melilotus arvensis Wallr.  Sertula arvensis (Wallr.) Kuntze  Medicago officinalis (L.)E.H.L.Krause  Melilotus arenarius Grecescu  Melilotus neglectus Ten.  Melilotus pallidus Ser.  Trifolium melilotus-officinalis L.  Trifolium officinale L.  Melilotus petitpierreanus Willd.  Trifolium melilotus officinalis L.  Brachylobus officinalis (L.) Dulac  Sertula officinalis (L.) Kuntze
科属(Family & Genus):蝶形花科,Fabaceae,草木犀属
形态特征(Description):二年生草本,高40-100 (-250) 厘米。茎直立,粗壮,多分枝,具纵棱,微被柔毛。羽状三出复叶;托叶镰状线形,长3-5 (-7) 毫米,中央有1条脉纹,全缘或基部有1尖齿;叶柄细长;小叶倒卵形、阔卵形、倒披针形至线形,长15-25 (-30) 毫米,宽5-15毫米,先端钝圆或截形,基部阔楔形,边缘具不整齐疏浅齿,上面无毛,粗糙,下面散生短柔毛,侧脉8-12对,平行直达齿尖,两面均不隆起,顶生小叶稍大,具较长的小叶柄,侧小叶的小叶柄短。总状花序长6-15 (-20) 厘米,腋生,具花30-70朵,初时稠密,花开后渐疏松,花序轴在花期中显著伸展;苞片刺毛状,长约1毫米;花长3.5-7毫米;花梗与苞片等长或稍长;萼钟形,长约2毫米,脉纹5条,甚清晰,萼齿三角状披针形,稍不等长,比萼筒短;花冠黄色,旗瓣倒卵形,与翼瓣近等长,龙骨瓣稍短或三者均近等长;雄蕊筒在花后常宿存包于果外;子房卵状披针形,胚珠 (4) 6 (-8) 粒,花柱长于子房。荚果卵形,长3-5毫米,宽约2毫米,先端具宿存花柱,表面具凹凸不平的横向细网纹,棕黑色;有种子1-2粒。种子卵形,长2.5毫米,黄褐色,平滑。花期5-9月,果期6-10月。
分布(Distribution):产东北、华南、西南各地。其余各省常见栽培。生于山坡、河岸、路旁、砂质草地及林缘。欧洲地中海东岸、中东、中亚、东亚均有分布。
用途(Use):本种在欧洲为野生杂草,在我国古时用以夹于书中辟 称芸香。花期比其他种早半个多月,耐碱性土壤,为常见的牧草。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 10 Page 552
Melilotus officinalis (Linnaeus) Lamarck, Fl. Franç. 2: 594. 1779.
草木犀 cao mu xi | Fabaceae  | Melilotus
Melilotus officinalis
Credit: Harvard University Herbaria
Trifolium officinale Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 765. 1753 [T. "M. officinalis"]; Brachylobus officinalis (Linnaeus) Dulac; Melilo­tus graveolens Bunge; M. officinalis f. suaveolens (Ledebour) H. Ohashi & Tateishi; M. suaveolens Ledebour.
Biennial herbs, sparsely puberulent to glabrescent. Stems erect, 40-100(-250) cm, longitudinally ridged. Stipules linear-falcate, 3-5(-7) mm, entire or with 1 tooth at base; petiole slen­der; leaflets obovate, broadly ovate, oblanceolate, to linear, 15-25(-30) × 5-15 mm, lateral veins running into teeth, 8-12 pairs, margins shallowly serrate. Racemes 6-15(-20) mm, 30-70-flowered, dense at first, becoming lax in anthesis; bracts equal to pedicels, 1.5-2 mm. Corolla yellow, 4.5-7 mm; stan­dard ± equal to wings and keel. Ovary narrowly ovate; ovules (4-)6(-8). Legume ovoid, 3-5 × ca. 2 mm, veins transversely reticulate, dark brown, apex with persistent style. Seeds 1 or 2, yellowish brown, ovoid, ca. 2.5 mm, smooth. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Jun-Oct.
Sandy grasslands, hillsides, ravine shores, margins of mixed woodlands. Throughout China [Asia, Europe].
草木樨Melilotus officinalis

草木樨Melilotus officinalis



草木樨Melilotus officinalis(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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