韩信草Scutellaria indica

中文名(Chinese Name):韩信草
学名(Scientific Name):Scutellaria indica L.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):大力草、偏向花
异名(Synonym):Scutellaria leucodasys Miq.  Scutellaria tashiroi Hayata
科属(Family & Genus):唇形科(Labiatae)黄芩属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本;根茎短,向下生出多数簇生的纤维状根,向上生出1至多数茎。茎高12-28厘米,上升直立,四棱形,粗约1-1.2毫米,通常带暗紫色,被微柔毛,尤以茎上部及沿棱角为密集,不分枝或多分枝。叶草质至近坚纸质,心状卵圆形或圆状卵圆形至椭圆形,长1.5-2.6(3)厘米,宽1.2-2.3厘米,先端钝或圆,基部圆形、浅心形至心形,边缘密生整齐圆齿,两面被微柔毛或糙伏毛,尤以下面为甚;叶柄长0.4-1.4(2.8)厘米,腹平背凸,密被微柔毛。花对生,在茎或分枝顶上排列成长4-8(12)厘米的总状花序;花梗长2.5-3毫米,与序轴均被微柔毛;最下一对苞片叶状,卵圆形,长达1.7厘米,边缘具圆齿,其余苞片均细小,卵圆形至椭圆形,长3-6毫米,宽1-2.5毫米,全缘,无柄,被微柔毛。花萼开花时长约2.5毫米,被硬毛及微柔毛,果时十分增大,盾片花时高约1.5毫米,果时竖起,增大一倍。花冠蓝紫色,长1.4-1.8厘米,外疏被微柔毛,内面仅唇片被短柔毛;冠筒前方基部膝曲,其后直伸,向上逐渐增大,至喉部宽约4.5毫米;冠檐2唇形,上唇盔状,内凹,先端微缺,下唇中裂片圆状卵圆形,两侧中部微内缢,先端微缺,具深紫色斑点,两侧裂片卵圆形。雄蕊4,二强;花丝扁平,中部以下具小纤毛。花盘肥厚,前方隆起;子房柄短。花柱细长。子房光滑,4裂。成熟小坚果栗色或暗褐色,卵形,长约1毫米,径不到1毫米,具瘤,腹面近基部具一果脐。花果期2-6月。
分布(Distribution):产华东、华南、西南及华中等地,生于海拔1500米以下的山地或丘陵地、疏林下,路旁空地及草地上。日本、印度、中南半岛、印度尼西亚等地也有。
用途(Use):全草入药,苦、寒、无毒,有平肝消热之功
引自植物志英文版: FOC Vol. 17 Page 87
Scutellaria indica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 600. 1753.
韩信草 han xin cao | Lamiaceae  | Scutellaria
Shrubs perennial. Stems dark purple, 1 to few, 8-28 cm tall, ascending-erect, ca. 1-1.2 mm in diam., hairy especially on angles and apex. Petiole 0.4-1.4(-2.8) cm; leaf blade 0.8-2.6(-3) × 0.8-2.3 cm, base truncate to cuneate, margin crenate, apex rounded to acute. Racemes terminal, 2-8(-12) cm; bracts sessile, 3-6 × 1-2.5 mm, margin entire, basal ones leaflike, ovate, to 1.7 cm, puberulent, margin crenate. Pedicel 2.5-3 mm, puberulent. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, hirsute, puberulent; scutellum ca. 1.5 mm, erect, dilated to 3 mm in fruit. Corolla blue-purple, 1-1.8 cm, sparsely puberulent outside, pubescent on lips inside, to ca. 4.5 mm wide at throat; middle lobe of lower lip dark purple spotted, circular-ovate, slightly constricted at middle, apex emarginate; lateral lobes ovate. Nutlets chestnut to dark brown, ovoid, ca. 1 × less than 1 mm, tuberculate, tubercles acuminate with a minute apical whorl of hooks, adaxially umbonate near base. Fl. and fr. Feb-Jun.
Hillsides, grasslands, open rocky areas, roadsides, sparse forests; 0-1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Mal
韩信草Scutellaria indica

韩信草Scutellaria indica

韩信草Scutellaria indica(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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