葱状灯芯草Juncus allioides

中文名(Chinese Name):葱状灯芯草
学名(Scientific Name): Juncus allioides Franch.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):葱状灯心草
异名(Synonym):Rhynchospora mairei H.Lév.  Juncus macranthus Buchenau
科属(Family & Genus):灯心草科(Juncaceae)灯心草属
形态特征(Description):多年生草本,高10-55厘米;根状茎横走,具褐色细弱的须根。茎稀疏丛生,直立,圆柱形,直径0.8-2毫米,有纵条纹,绿色,光滑。叶基生和茎生;低出叶鳞片状,褐色;基生叶常1枚,长可达21厘米;茎生叶1枚,稀为2,长1-5厘米;叶片皆圆柱形,稍压扁,直径1-1.5毫米,具明显横隔;叶鞘边缘膜质;叶耳显著,长2-3毫米,钝圆。头状花序单一顶生,有7-25朵花,直径10-25毫米;苞片3-5枚,披针形,褐色或灰色,最下方(1-)2枚较大,长1.5-2.3厘米,宽2-3毫米,在花蕾期包裹花序呈佛焰苞状,其余长1.2厘米,宽3-4毫米,中脉明显;花具花梗和卵形膜质的小苞片,长约2.2毫米,宽约1毫米;花被片披针形,长5-8毫米,宽约2毫米,灰白色至淡黄色,膜质,常具3条纵脉,内外轮近等长;雄蕊6枚,伸出花外;花药线形,长2-4毫米,淡黄色;花丝长4-7毫米,上部紫黑色,基部红色;雌蕊具较长的花柱;柱头3分叉,线形,长约1.2毫米。蒴果长卵形,长5-7毫米,顶端有尖头,1室,成熟时黄褐色。种子长圆形,长约1毫米,成熟时黄褐色,两端有白色附属物,连同种子共长约2.2毫米。花期6-8月,果期7-9月。
分布(Distribution):产陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于海拔1800-4700米的山坡、草地和林下潮湿处。
用途(Use):引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 24 Page 51    
Juncus allioides Franchet, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. ser. 2, 10: 99. 1887.
葱状灯心草 cong zhuang deng xin cao | Juncaceae  | Juncus
Plants perennial, sparsely tufted. Rhizome short and knobby or creeping. Stems terete, 9--55 cm × 0.8--2 mm, striate. Cataphylls few. Basal and cauline leaves 2 or 3. Cauline leaves with sheath auricles well developed, obtuse, 0.5--3 mm; leaf blade terete, 1--10(--21) cm × 1--1.5 mm, perfectly and distinctly septate. Inflorescences terminal; head 1, wrapped in basal bract while in bud, 10--25 mm in diam., 7--25-flowered; bracts 3--5, lanceolate, basal one or two 1.5--2.3 cm × 2--3(--5) mm, others ca. 1.2 cm × 3--4 mm. Flowers pedicellate, bracteolate. Perianth segments spreading and reflexed, whitish yellow, lanceolate, 5--8 × 1.2--2 mm, subequal, membranous, veins usually 3. Stamens 6; filaments reddish at base in fruit, purple-black distally, 4--7 mm; anthers 2--4 mm. Style ca. 2 mm; stigmas 0.7--1 mm. Capsule dark brown when mature, narrowly trigonous ellipsoid, 5--7 mm, 1-loculed, apex mucronate. Seeds 0.8--1 mm, oblong; appendages 2, white, 1--1.2 mm. Fl. Jun--Aug, fr. Jul--Sep.
Paths and wet places in forests, Salix thickets, slopes, grasslands; 1700--4700 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Sikkim].
葱状灯芯草Juncus allioides

葱状灯芯草Juncus allioides
 
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