鸢尾Iris tectorum
中文名（Chinese Name）：鸢尾
学名（Scientific Name）：Iris tectorum Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：wall iris
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蓝蝴蝶、紫蝴蝶
异名（Synonym）：Iris rosthornii Diels Iris tomiolopha Hance Evansia tectorum (Maxim.) Klatt Iris tectorum var. alba Dykes
科属（Family & Genus）：鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株基部围有老叶残留的膜质叶鞘及纤维。根状茎粗壮，二歧分枝，直径约1厘米，斜伸；须根较细而短。叶基生，黄绿色，稍弯曲，中部略宽，宽剑形，长15-50厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，顶端渐尖或短渐尖，基部鞘状，有数条不明显的纵脉。花茎光滑，高20-40厘米，顶部常有l-2个短侧枝，中、下部有1-2枚茎生叶；苞片2-3枚，绿色，草质，边缘膜质，色淡，披针形或长卵圆形，长5-7.5厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，顶端渐尖或长渐尖，内包含有1-2朵花；花蓝紫色，直径约10厘米；花梗甚短；花被管细长，长约3厘米，上端膨大成喇叭形，外花被裂片圆形或宽卵形，长5-6厘米，宽约 4厘米，顶端微凹，爪部狭楔形，中脉上有不规则的鸡冠状附属物，成不整齐的繸状裂，内花被裂片椭圆形，长4.5-5厘米，宽约3厘米，花盛开时向外平展，爪部突然变细；雄蕊长约2.5厘米，花药鲜黄色，花丝细长，白色；花柱分枝扁平，淡蓝色，长约3.5厘米，顶端裂片近四方形，有疏齿，子房纺锤状圆柱形，长1.8-2厘米。蒴果长椭圆形或倒卵形，长4.5-6厘米，直径2-2.5厘米，有6条明显的肋，成熟时自上而下3瓣裂；种子黑褐色，梨形，无附属物。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：.产山西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、湖北、湖南、江西、广西、陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于向阳坡地、林缘及水边湿地。
用途（Use）：根状茎治关节炎、跌打损伤、食积、肝炎等症。对氟化物敏感，可用以鉴测环境污染。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 308
Iris tectorum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 15: 380. 1871.
鸢尾 yuan wei | Iridaceae | Iris
Iris chinensis Bunge (1833), not Curtis (1797); I. rosthornii Diels.
Rhizomes creeping, thick. Roots slender. Leaves mainly in basal fans, yellowish green, broadly sword-shaped, curved, 15--50 × 1.5--3.5 cm, base surrounded by fibers. Flowering stems 1- or 2-branched, 20--40 cm, 1- or 2-leaved; spathes 2 or 3, green, lanceolate, 3.5--7.5 × 2--2.5 cm, 1- or 2-flowered, apex acuminate. Flowers bluish violet, ca. 10 cm in diam.; pedicel to 1 cm. Perianth tube slender, to 3 cm; outer segments mottled darker around conspicuous, white, irregularly toothed crest, broadly ovate, 5--7 × ca. 4 cm, apex retuse; inner segments spreading horizontally at anthesis, elliptic, 4.5--5 × ca. 3 cm. Stamens ca. 2.5 cm; anthers bright yellow. Ovary cylindric, 1.8--2 cm. Style branches pale bluish violet, ca. 3.5 cm. Capsule ellipsoid or obovoid, 4.5--6 × 2--2.5 cm. Seeds black-brown, pyriform, with very small aril. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Aug. 2 n = 24, 28, 32.
Forest margins, sunny banks, meadows, damp places, beside water; 500--3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ?Myanmar].
White-flowered plants have been recognized as Iris tectorum f. alba (Dykes) Makino (Ill. Fl. Nipp. 714. 1940, based on I. tectorum var. alba Dykes, Gen. Iris, 103. 1913). The native distribution and ecology of I. tectorum are uncertain because the species is very widely cultivated and naturalized in China. It is also cultivated in Bhutan (where it has become naturalized), and India.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Iris tectorum Maxim.
英文名（English Common Name）：wall iris
别名（Chinese Common Name）：蓝蝴蝶、紫蝴蝶
异名（Synonym）：Iris rosthornii Diels Iris tomiolopha Hance Evansia tectorum (Maxim.) Klatt Iris tectorum var. alba Dykes
科属（Family & Genus）：鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株基部围有老叶残留的膜质叶鞘及纤维。根状茎粗壮，二歧分枝，直径约1厘米，斜伸；须根较细而短。叶基生，黄绿色，稍弯曲，中部略宽，宽剑形，长15-50厘米，宽1.5-3.5厘米，顶端渐尖或短渐尖，基部鞘状，有数条不明显的纵脉。花茎光滑，高20-40厘米，顶部常有l-2个短侧枝，中、下部有1-2枚茎生叶；苞片2-3枚，绿色，草质，边缘膜质，色淡，披针形或长卵圆形，长5-7.5厘米，宽2-2.5厘米，顶端渐尖或长渐尖，内包含有1-2朵花；花蓝紫色，直径约10厘米；花梗甚短；花被管细长，长约3厘米，上端膨大成喇叭形，外花被裂片圆形或宽卵形，长5-6厘米，宽约 4厘米，顶端微凹，爪部狭楔形，中脉上有不规则的鸡冠状附属物，成不整齐的繸状裂，内花被裂片椭圆形，长4.5-5厘米，宽约3厘米，花盛开时向外平展，爪部突然变细；雄蕊长约2.5厘米，花药鲜黄色，花丝细长，白色；花柱分枝扁平，淡蓝色，长约3.5厘米，顶端裂片近四方形，有疏齿，子房纺锤状圆柱形，长1.8-2厘米。蒴果长椭圆形或倒卵形，长4.5-6厘米，直径2-2.5厘米，有6条明显的肋，成熟时自上而下3瓣裂；种子黑褐色，梨形，无附属物。花期4-5月，果期6-8月。
分布（Distribution）：.产山西、安徽、江苏、浙江、福建、湖北、湖南、江西、广西、陕西、甘肃、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。生于向阳坡地、林缘及水边湿地。
用途（Use）：根状茎治关节炎、跌打损伤、食积、肝炎等症。对氟化物敏感，可用以鉴测环境污染。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 308
Iris tectorum Maximowicz, Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg. 15: 380. 1871.
鸢尾 yuan wei | Iridaceae | Iris
Iris chinensis Bunge (1833), not Curtis (1797); I. rosthornii Diels.
Rhizomes creeping, thick. Roots slender. Leaves mainly in basal fans, yellowish green, broadly sword-shaped, curved, 15--50 × 1.5--3.5 cm, base surrounded by fibers. Flowering stems 1- or 2-branched, 20--40 cm, 1- or 2-leaved; spathes 2 or 3, green, lanceolate, 3.5--7.5 × 2--2.5 cm, 1- or 2-flowered, apex acuminate. Flowers bluish violet, ca. 10 cm in diam.; pedicel to 1 cm. Perianth tube slender, to 3 cm; outer segments mottled darker around conspicuous, white, irregularly toothed crest, broadly ovate, 5--7 × ca. 4 cm, apex retuse; inner segments spreading horizontally at anthesis, elliptic, 4.5--5 × ca. 3 cm. Stamens ca. 2.5 cm; anthers bright yellow. Ovary cylindric, 1.8--2 cm. Style branches pale bluish violet, ca. 3.5 cm. Capsule ellipsoid or obovoid, 4.5--6 × 2--2.5 cm. Seeds black-brown, pyriform, with very small aril. Fl. Apr--May, fr. Jun--Aug. 2 n = 24, 28, 32.
Forest margins, sunny banks, meadows, damp places, beside water; 500--3500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, ?Myanmar].
White-flowered plants have been recognized as Iris tectorum f. alba (Dykes) Makino (Ill. Fl. Nipp. 714. 1940, based on I. tectorum var. alba Dykes, Gen. Iris, 103. 1913). The native distribution and ecology of I. tectorum are uncertain because the species is very widely cultivated and naturalized in China. It is also cultivated in Bhutan (where it has become naturalized), and India.
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