紫苞鸢尾Iris ruthenica
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫苞鸢尾
学名（Scientific Name）：Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：矮紫苞鸢尾、俄罗斯鸢尾
异名（Synonym）：Iris ruthenica var. brevituba Maxim. Iris ruthenica var. nana Maxim. Iris alpina Pall. ex Roem. & Schult. Iris brevituba (Maxim.) Vved. Iris caespitosa Pall. ex Link Joniris ruthenica (Ker Gawl.) Klatt Limniris ruthenica (Ker Gawl.) Fuss Xiphion ruthenicum (Ker Gawl.) Alef. Iris ruthenica subsp. brevituba (Maxim.) Doronkin Iris ruthenica var. uniglumis Spach Iris ruthenica var. typica Maxim.
科属（Family & Genus）：鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株基部围有短的鞘状叶。根状茎斜伸，二歧分枝，节明显，外包以棕褐色老叶残留的纤维，直径3-5毫米；须根粗，暗褐色。叶条形，灰绿色，长20-25厘米，宽3-6毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部鞘状，有3-5条纵脉。花茎纤细，略短于叶，高15-20厘米，有2-3枚茎生叶；苞片2枚，膜质，绿色，边缘带红紫色，披针形或宽披针形，长约3厘米，宽0.8-1厘米，中脉明显，内包含有1 朵花；花蓝紫色，直径5-5.5厘米；花梗长0.6-1厘米；花被管长1-1.2厘米，外花被裂片倒披针形，长约4厘米，宽0.8-1厘米，有白色及深紫色的斑纹，内花被裂片直立，狭倒披针形，长3.2-3.5厘米，宽约6毫米；雄蕊长约2.5厘米，花药乳白色；花柱分枝扁平，长3.5-4厘米，顶端裂片狭三角形，子房狭纺锤形，长约1厘米。蒴果球形或卵圆形，直径1.2-1.5厘米，6条肋明显，顶端无喙，成熟时自顶端向下开裂至1/2处；种子球形或梨形，有乳白色的附属物，遇潮湿易变粘。花期5-6月，果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、西北、西南等部分省市，生于向阳砂质地或山坡草地。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 303
Iris ruthenica Ker Gawler, Bot. Mag. 28: t. 1123. 1808.
紫苞鸢尾 zi bao yuan wei | Iridaceae | Iris
Iris ruthenica var. brevituba Maximowicz; I. ruthenica var. nana Maximowicz.
Rhizomes creeping, branched, 3--5 mm in diam. Roots fibrous. Leaves green or grayish green, linear, 7--25 cm × 1--3 mm, parallel veins 3--5, base surrounded by maroon-brown fibers, apex long acuminate. Flowering stems 2--20 cm, slender, 2- or 3-leaved; spathes 2, green, reddish purple at margin, lanceolate or broadly so, 2--3.5 cm × 8--10 mm, 1-flowered. Flowers violet, 3--5.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 6--10 mm. Perianth tube 0.5--1.5 cm; outer segments with white- and deep purple-mottled patterns, oblanceolate, ca. 4 cm × 8--10 mm; inner segments erect, narrowly oblanceolate, 3.2--3.5 cm × ca. 6 mm. Stamens ca. 2.5 cm; anthers milky white. Ovary ca. 1 cm. Style branches 3.5--4 cm. Capsule globose to ovoid, 1.2--1.5 cm, 6-veined, apex not beaked. Seeds globose or pyriform, with milky white aril. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Aug. 2 n = 84.
Pinus forests, grasslands, hillsides, sunny sandy places; 1800--3600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; E Europe].
Iris ruthenica is very variable and grades into I. uniflora. Iris ruthenica var. nana is said to have flowering stems only 5--5.5 cm, but, according to one of us (Noltie), the type of I. ruthenica is a similarly small plant, so var. nana cannot be maintained as distinct. Iris ruthenica var. brevituba, with a short perianth tube, is similarly not worth maintaining. White-flowered forms have been recognized as I. ruthenica f. leucantha Y. T. Zhao (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 56. 1980).
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Iris ruthenica Ker-Gawl.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：矮紫苞鸢尾、俄罗斯鸢尾
异名（Synonym）：Iris ruthenica var. brevituba Maxim. Iris ruthenica var. nana Maxim. Iris alpina Pall. ex Roem. & Schult. Iris brevituba (Maxim.) Vved. Iris caespitosa Pall. ex Link Joniris ruthenica (Ker Gawl.) Klatt Limniris ruthenica (Ker Gawl.) Fuss Xiphion ruthenicum (Ker Gawl.) Alef. Iris ruthenica subsp. brevituba (Maxim.) Doronkin Iris ruthenica var. uniglumis Spach Iris ruthenica var. typica Maxim.
科属（Family & Genus）：鸢尾科（Iridaceae）鸢尾属
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，植株基部围有短的鞘状叶。根状茎斜伸，二歧分枝，节明显，外包以棕褐色老叶残留的纤维，直径3-5毫米；须根粗，暗褐色。叶条形，灰绿色，长20-25厘米，宽3-6毫米，顶端长渐尖，基部鞘状，有3-5条纵脉。花茎纤细，略短于叶，高15-20厘米，有2-3枚茎生叶；苞片2枚，膜质，绿色，边缘带红紫色，披针形或宽披针形，长约3厘米，宽0.8-1厘米，中脉明显，内包含有1 朵花；花蓝紫色，直径5-5.5厘米；花梗长0.6-1厘米；花被管长1-1.2厘米，外花被裂片倒披针形，长约4厘米，宽0.8-1厘米，有白色及深紫色的斑纹，内花被裂片直立，狭倒披针形，长3.2-3.5厘米，宽约6毫米；雄蕊长约2.5厘米，花药乳白色；花柱分枝扁平，长3.5-4厘米，顶端裂片狭三角形，子房狭纺锤形，长约1厘米。蒴果球形或卵圆形，直径1.2-1.5厘米，6条肋明显，顶端无喙，成熟时自顶端向下开裂至1/2处；种子球形或梨形，有乳白色的附属物，遇潮湿易变粘。花期5-6月，果期7-8月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北、华北、西北、西南等部分省市，生于向阳砂质地或山坡草地。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 24 Page 303
Iris ruthenica Ker Gawler, Bot. Mag. 28: t. 1123. 1808.
紫苞鸢尾 zi bao yuan wei | Iridaceae | Iris
Iris ruthenica var. brevituba Maximowicz; I. ruthenica var. nana Maximowicz.
Rhizomes creeping, branched, 3--5 mm in diam. Roots fibrous. Leaves green or grayish green, linear, 7--25 cm × 1--3 mm, parallel veins 3--5, base surrounded by maroon-brown fibers, apex long acuminate. Flowering stems 2--20 cm, slender, 2- or 3-leaved; spathes 2, green, reddish purple at margin, lanceolate or broadly so, 2--3.5 cm × 8--10 mm, 1-flowered. Flowers violet, 3--5.5 cm in diam.; pedicel 6--10 mm. Perianth tube 0.5--1.5 cm; outer segments with white- and deep purple-mottled patterns, oblanceolate, ca. 4 cm × 8--10 mm; inner segments erect, narrowly oblanceolate, 3.2--3.5 cm × ca. 6 mm. Stamens ca. 2.5 cm; anthers milky white. Ovary ca. 1 cm. Style branches 3.5--4 cm. Capsule globose to ovoid, 1.2--1.5 cm, 6-veined, apex not beaked. Seeds globose or pyriform, with milky white aril. Fl. May--Jun, fr. Jul--Aug. 2 n = 84.
Pinus forests, grasslands, hillsides, sunny sandy places; 1800--3600 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan [Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; E Europe].
Iris ruthenica is very variable and grades into I. uniflora. Iris ruthenica var. nana is said to have flowering stems only 5--5.5 cm, but, according to one of us (Noltie), the type of I. ruthenica is a similarly small plant, so var. nana cannot be maintained as distinct. Iris ruthenica var. brevituba, with a short perianth tube, is similarly not worth maintaining. White-flowered forms have been recognized as I. ruthenica f. leucantha Y. T. Zhao (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 56. 1980).
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