珍珠草Phyllanthus urinaria
中文名（Chinese Name）：珍珠草
学名（Scientific Name）：Phyllanthus urinaria L.
英文名（English Common Name）：chamber bitter
别名（Chinese Common Name）：叶下珠
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）叶下珠属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高10-60厘米，茎通常直立，基部多分枝，枝倾卧而后上升；枝具翅状纵棱，上部被-纵列疏短柔毛。叶片纸质，因叶柄扭转而呈羽状排列，长圆形或倒卵形，长4-10毫米，宽2-5毫米，顶端圆、钝或急尖而有小尖头，下面灰绿色，近边缘或边缘有1-3列短粗毛；侧脉每边4-5条，明显；叶柄极短；托叶卵状披针形，长约1.5毫米。花雌雄同株，直径约4毫米；雄花：2-4朵簇生于叶腋，通常仅上面1朵开花，下面的很小；花梗长约0.5毫米，基部有苞片1-2枚；萼片6，倒卵形，长约0.6毫米，顶端钝；雄蕊3，花丝全部合生成柱状；花粉粒长球形，通常具5孔沟，少数3、4、6孔沟，内孔横长椭圆形；花盘腺体6，分离，与萼片互生；雌花：单生于小枝中下部的叶腋内；花梗长约0.5毫米；萼片6，近相等，卵状披针形，长约1毫米，边缘膜质，黄白色；花盘圆盘状，边全缘；子房卵状，有鳞片状凸起，花柱分离，顶端2裂，裂片弯卷。蒴果圆球状，直径1-2毫米，红色，表面具-小凸刺，有宿存的花柱和萼片，开裂后轴柱宿存；种子长1.2毫米，橙黄色。花期4-6月，果期7-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产河北、山西、陕西、华东、华中、华南、西南等省区，通常生于海拔500米以下旷野平地、旱田、山地路旁或林缘。东南亚经印度尼西亚至南美也有。
用途（Use）：药用，全草有解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿之效，可治赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积、肾炎水肿、尿路感染等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 181, 186, 187
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 982. 1753.
叶下珠 ye xia zhu | Euphorbiaceae | Phyllanthus
Diasperus urinaria (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Phyllanthus alatus Blume; P. cantoniensis Hornemann; P. cantoniensis Schweigger (1812), not Hornemann (1807); P. chamaepeuce Ridley; P. lepidocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini; P. leprocarpus Wight; P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour.
Annual herbs, erect or procumbent, up to 80 cm tall; stem much branched at base; branches prostrate to ascending, winged, hispidulous along one side. Leaves distichous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, base conspicuously auriculate; petiole very short; leaf blade papery, oblong or oblong-obovate or nearly linear, sometimes slightly falcate, 4-10 × 2-5 mm, abaxially gray-green or pale, or sometimes reddish tinged, adaxially bright or dark green, base mostly obtuse, sometimes conspicuously oblique, margin ciliate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acutely mucronulate; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, conspicuous. Plants monoecious. Flower fascicles male along distal part of branchlets, 2-4-flowered, female along middle and lower part of branchlets, 1-flowered; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, with 1-2 bracteoles at base. Male flowers: sepals 6, elliptic to oblong-obovate, 0.3-0.6 × 0.2-0.4 mm, yellowish white, apex obtuse; disk glands 6, green; stamens 3; filaments completely united into a slender column. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 0.5 mm; sepals 6, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 1 mm, margin membranous, yellowish white, persistent in fruit; disk orbicular, entire; ovary ovoid or spherical, with conspicuous raised scales; styles 3, free, bifid at apex, lobes revolute. Capsules globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., with reddish blotches, scurfy-tuberculate. Seed 3-sided, 1-1.2 × 0.9-1 mm, light grayish brown, with 12-15 sharp transverse ridges on back and sides, often with 1-3 deep circular pits on side. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Nov.
Dry fields, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins; below 100-600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; South America].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Phyllanthus urinaria L.
英文名（English Common Name）：chamber bitter
别名（Chinese Common Name）：叶下珠
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：大戟科（Euphorbiaceae）叶下珠属
形态特征（Description）：一年生草本，高10-60厘米，茎通常直立，基部多分枝，枝倾卧而后上升；枝具翅状纵棱，上部被-纵列疏短柔毛。叶片纸质，因叶柄扭转而呈羽状排列，长圆形或倒卵形，长4-10毫米，宽2-5毫米，顶端圆、钝或急尖而有小尖头，下面灰绿色，近边缘或边缘有1-3列短粗毛；侧脉每边4-5条，明显；叶柄极短；托叶卵状披针形，长约1.5毫米。花雌雄同株，直径约4毫米；雄花：2-4朵簇生于叶腋，通常仅上面1朵开花，下面的很小；花梗长约0.5毫米，基部有苞片1-2枚；萼片6，倒卵形，长约0.6毫米，顶端钝；雄蕊3，花丝全部合生成柱状；花粉粒长球形，通常具5孔沟，少数3、4、6孔沟，内孔横长椭圆形；花盘腺体6，分离，与萼片互生；雌花：单生于小枝中下部的叶腋内；花梗长约0.5毫米；萼片6，近相等，卵状披针形，长约1毫米，边缘膜质，黄白色；花盘圆盘状，边全缘；子房卵状，有鳞片状凸起，花柱分离，顶端2裂，裂片弯卷。蒴果圆球状，直径1-2毫米，红色，表面具-小凸刺，有宿存的花柱和萼片，开裂后轴柱宿存；种子长1.2毫米，橙黄色。花期4-6月，果期7-11月。
分布（Distribution）：产河北、山西、陕西、华东、华中、华南、西南等省区，通常生于海拔500米以下旷野平地、旱田、山地路旁或林缘。东南亚经印度尼西亚至南美也有。
用途（Use）：药用，全草有解毒、消炎、清热止泻、利尿之效，可治赤目肿痛、肠炎腹泻、痢疾、肝炎、小儿疳积、肾炎水肿、尿路感染等。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 11 Page 181, 186, 187
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 982. 1753.
叶下珠 ye xia zhu | Euphorbiaceae | Phyllanthus
Diasperus urinaria (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Phyllanthus alatus Blume; P. cantoniensis Hornemann; P. cantoniensis Schweigger (1812), not Hornemann (1807); P. chamaepeuce Ridley; P. lepidocarpus Siebold & Zuccarini; P. leprocarpus Wight; P. nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour.
Annual herbs, erect or procumbent, up to 80 cm tall; stem much branched at base; branches prostrate to ascending, winged, hispidulous along one side. Leaves distichous; stipules ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, base conspicuously auriculate; petiole very short; leaf blade papery, oblong or oblong-obovate or nearly linear, sometimes slightly falcate, 4-10 × 2-5 mm, abaxially gray-green or pale, or sometimes reddish tinged, adaxially bright or dark green, base mostly obtuse, sometimes conspicuously oblique, margin ciliate, apex rounded, obtuse, or acutely mucronulate; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, conspicuous. Plants monoecious. Flower fascicles male along distal part of branchlets, 2-4-flowered, female along middle and lower part of branchlets, 1-flowered; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm, with 1-2 bracteoles at base. Male flowers: sepals 6, elliptic to oblong-obovate, 0.3-0.6 × 0.2-0.4 mm, yellowish white, apex obtuse; disk glands 6, green; stamens 3; filaments completely united into a slender column. Female flowers: pedicels ca. 0.5 mm; sepals 6, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subequal, ca. 1 mm, margin membranous, yellowish white, persistent in fruit; disk orbicular, entire; ovary ovoid or spherical, with conspicuous raised scales; styles 3, free, bifid at apex, lobes revolute. Capsules globose, 2-2.5 mm in diam., with reddish blotches, scurfy-tuberculate. Seed 3-sided, 1-1.2 × 0.9-1 mm, light grayish brown, with 12-15 sharp transverse ridges on back and sides, often with 1-3 deep circular pits on side. Fl. Apr-Jun, fr. Jul-Nov.
Dry fields, roadsides, wastelands, forest margins; below 100-600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; South America].
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