藨草Scirpus triqueter

中文名(Chinese Name):藨草
学名(Scientific Name):Scirpus triqueter (L.) Palla
英文名(English Common Name):streambank bulrush
别名(Chinese Common Name):藨莞
异名(Synonym):Scirpus trisetosus Tang et Wang  Scirpus triqueter Linn.  Scirpus pollichii Gren. et Godr.  Eleogiton triqueter (L.) Fourr.  Heleogiton lejeunei (Weihe) Rchb.  Hymenochaeta triquetra (L.) Nakai  Heleogiton triquetrum (L.) Rchb.  Heleophylax triquetrus (L.) Schinz & Thell.  Scirpus hoppei Weihe  Scirpus lejeunei Weihe  Scirpus seoanei Merino  Schoenoplectus triqueter f. conglomeratus (Döll) Soó  Schoenoplectus triqueter f. hoppei (Weihe) Soó  Schoenoplectus triqueter f. macrostachys (Junge) Soó  Schoenoplectus triqueter f. monostachys (Junge) Soó  Schoenoplectus triqueter f. pallidus (Döll) Soó  Schoenoplectus triqueter var. segregatus (C.B.Clarke) Karthik.  Scirpus triqueter f. conglomeratus Döll  Scirpus triqueter f. macrostachys Junge  Scirpus triqueter f. monostachys Junge  Scirpus triqueter f. pallidus Döll  Scirpus triqueter var. segregatus C.B.Clarke  Scirpus triqueter var. conglomeratus Dumort.  Scirpus triqueter var. hoppei (Weihe) Nyman  Scirpus triqueter var. lejeunei (Weihe) Nyman
科属(Family & Genus):莎草科(Cyperaceae)藨草属
形态特征(Description):匍匐根状茎长,直径1-5毫米,干时呈红棕色。稈散生,粗壮,高20-90厘米,三稜形,基部具2-3个鞘,鞘膜质,横脉明显隆起,最上一个鞘顶端具叶片。叶片扁平,长1.3-5.5(-8)厘米,宽1.5-2毫米。苞片1枚,为稈的延长,三稜形,长1.5-7厘米。简单长侧枝聚繖花序假侧生,有1-8个辐射枝;辐射枝三稜形,稜上粗糙,长可达5厘米,每辐射枝顶端有1-8个簇生的小穗;小穗卵形或长圆形,长6-12(-14)毫米,宽3-7毫米,密生许多花;鳞片长圆形、椭圆形或宽卵形,顶端微凹或圆形,长3-4毫米,膜质,黄棕色,背面具1条中肋,稍延伸出顶端呈短尖,边缘疏生缘毛;下位刚毛3-5条,几等长或稍长于小坚果,全长都生有倒刺;雄蕊3,花药线形,药隔暗褐色,稍突出;花柱短,柱头2,细长。小坚果倒卵形,平凸状,长2-3毫米,成熟时褐色,具光泽。花果期6-9月。
分布(Distribution):除广东、海南岛外,各省、各自治区都广泛分布;生于海拔2000米以下的水沟、水塘、山溪边或沼泽地。俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜,中亚细亚、欧洲、美洲也有。
用途(Use):在江苏、湖南一带用其稈代替细麻绳包紮东西。
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 180, 182, 183     
Schoenoplectus triqueter (Linnaeus) Palla, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 38: 49. 1888.
三棱水葱 san leng shui cong| Cyperaceae  | Schoenoplectus
Scirpus triqueter Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 83; Mant. Pl. 29. 1767; Schoenoplectus trisetosus (Tang & F. T. Wang) S. Yun Liang; Scirpus trisetosus Tang & F. T. Wang.
Rhizomes long creeping, reddish brown, slender. Culms solitary, erect, 20-100 cm tall, 2-8 mm thick, 3-angled, subrigid, clothed at base with 2 or 3 leaf sheaths. Leaf sheath pale green, 5-15 cm, membranous, distinctly transversely septate, mouth obliquely truncate; leaf blade flat, 1.3-5.5(-8) cm × 1.5-2 mm. Involucral bract 1, culmlike, 1.5-7 cm, 3-angled, usually shorter than inflorescence, apex subacute. Inflorescence a pseudolateral anthela, 3-6 cm, laxly bearing 3-20 spikelets or sometimes congested in a headlike cluster; rays to 5 cm, ± stout, scabrous. Spikelets oblong to ovoid-oblong, 6-12 × 3-7 mm, densely many flowered, apex obtuse. Glumes yellowish brown, elliptic, oblong, or broadly ovate, 3-4 mm, membranous, margin sparsely ciliate, apex emarginate to rounded with a green costa excurrent into a mucro. Perianth bristles 3-5, almost as long as nutlet, retrorsely scabrous. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective apex dark brown, evident beyond anthers. Style short; stigmas 2. Nutlet brownish at maturity, obovoid, 2-3 mm, plano-convex, shiny. Fl. and fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 40, 42.
Wet places at river margins, ditches, pond margins, swamps; 100-2300 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, N Guangxi, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, E Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, S Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan; N Africa, SW Asia, Atlantic Ocean islands, Europe].

藨草Scirpus triqueter
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