水葱Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
中文名（Chinese Name）：水葱
学名（Scientific Name）：Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Gmel.) Palla
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Scirpus validus Vahl Scirpus lacustris Bunge Scirpus lacustris var. tabernaemontani C. P'ei et Shan Scirpus validus var. laeviglumis T. Tang et F. T. Wang Scirpus tabernaemontani Maxim. Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. et D. L?ve Scirpus tabernaemontani f. luxurians Miq. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. australis Ohwi Cyperus tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Missbach & E.H.L.Krause Eleogiton tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Fourr. Heleogiton tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Peterm. Hymenochaeta tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Nakai Heleophylax tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. Scirpus globifer Welw. ex Steud. Scirpus siculus Lojac. Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. creber (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve Schoenoplectus lacustris f. glaucus (Hartm.) Soó Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. glaucus (Hartm.) Luceño & Marín Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. validus (Vahl) T.Koyama Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani f. paludosus (Boenn.) Soó Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani f. sub-duvalii (Beckh.) Soó Schoenoplectus validus subsp. luxurians (Miq.) Soják Scirpus validus var. creber Fernald Scirpus lacustris f. glaucus (Hartm.) Peterm. Scirpus lacustris subsp. glaucus Hartm. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. paludosus Boenn. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. sub-duvalii Beckh. Schoenoplectus validus subsp. creber (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve Scirpus lacustris subsp. creber (Fernald) T.Koyama Scirpus lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kük. Scirpus validus f. creber (Fernald) Beetle Scirpus maritimus subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Nyman Scirpus lacustris var. luxurians (Miq.) T.Koyama Scirpus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Syme
科属（Family & Genus）：莎草科（Cyperaceae）水葱属
形态特征（Description）：匍匐根状茎粗壮，具许多须根。稈高大，圆柱状，高1-2米，平滑，基部具3-4个叶鞘，鞘长可达38厘米，管状，膜质，最上面一个叶鞘具叶片。叶片线形，长1.511厘米。苞片1枚，为稈的延长，直立，钻状，常短于花序，极少数稍长于花序；长侧枝聚繖花序简单或复出，假侧生，具4-13或更多个辐射枝；辐射枝长可达5厘米，一面凸，一面凹，边缘有锯齿；小穗单生或2-3个簇生于辐射枝顶端，卵形或长圆形，顶端急尖或钝圆，长5-10毫米，宽2-3.5毫米，具多数花；鳞片椭圆形或宽卵形，顶端稍凹，具短尖，膜质，长约3毫米，棕色或紫褐色，有时基部色淡，背面有铁锈色突起小点，脉1条，边缘具缘毛；下位刚毛6条，等长于小坚果，红棕色，有倒刺；雄蕊3，花药线形，药隔突出；花柱中等长，柱头2，罕3，长于花柱。小坚果倒卵形或椭圆形，双凸状，少有三稜形，长约2毫米。花果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北各省、内蒙古、山西、陕西、甘肃、新疆、河北、江苏、贵州、四川、云南；生长在湖边或浅水塘中。产朝鲜、日本、澳洲、南北美洲。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 182, 184
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 38: 49. 1888.
水葱 shui cong | Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus
Scirpus tabernaemontani C. C. Gmelin, Fl. Bad. 1: 101. 1805; Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama; S. lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kükenthal; S. validus Vahl; S. validus var. laeviglumis Tang & F. T. Wang.
Rhizomes brown, horizontally creeping. Culms 1-2[-3] m tall, terete, smooth, clothed at base with 3 or 4 leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths to 38 cm, membranous, apicalmost sheath with a blade; leaf blade linear, 1.5-11 cm. Involucral bract 1, culmlike, subulate, usually shorter to rarely slightly longer than inflorescence, erect. Inflorescence a pseudolateral simple or decompound anthela; rays 4-13 or more, unequal in length, to 5 cm, concave to convex, scabrous. Spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, ovoid to oblong, 4-10 × 2-3.5 mm, densely many flowered, apex acute to obtuse. Glumes brown to purplish brown, elliptic to broadly ovate, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, abaxially with reddish resinous spots on apical median part, margin broadly white hyaline and ciliate toward apex, apex obtuse to emarginate with a green costa excurrent into a mucro. Perianth bristles (2-)6, reddish brown, shorter than to equaling nutlet, retrorsely scabrous except at base. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective apex evident beyond anthers. Style ca. 2 mm; stigmas 2(or 3, and 3rd when present shorter than other 2). Nutlet grayish, broadly obovoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm, subplano-convex, apically contracted into a 0.2-0.4 mm beak. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 42.
Lake margins, shallow water; (near sea level to) 300-3200 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; N Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Pacific islands].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (Gmel.) Palla
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Scirpus validus Vahl Scirpus lacustris Bunge Scirpus lacustris var. tabernaemontani C. P'ei et Shan Scirpus validus var. laeviglumis T. Tang et F. T. Wang Scirpus tabernaemontani Maxim. Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) A. et D. L?ve Scirpus tabernaemontani f. luxurians Miq. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. australis Ohwi Cyperus tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Missbach & E.H.L.Krause Eleogiton tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Fourr. Heleogiton tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Peterm. Hymenochaeta tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Nakai Heleophylax tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. Scirpus globifer Welw. ex Steud. Scirpus siculus Lojac. Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. creber (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve Schoenoplectus lacustris f. glaucus (Hartm.) Soó Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. glaucus (Hartm.) Luceño & Marín Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Á.Löve & D.Löve Schoenoplectus lacustris subsp. validus (Vahl) T.Koyama Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani f. paludosus (Boenn.) Soó Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani f. sub-duvalii (Beckh.) Soó Schoenoplectus validus subsp. luxurians (Miq.) Soják Scirpus validus var. creber Fernald Scirpus lacustris f. glaucus (Hartm.) Peterm. Scirpus lacustris subsp. glaucus Hartm. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. paludosus Boenn. Scirpus tabernaemontani f. sub-duvalii Beckh. Schoenoplectus validus subsp. creber (Fernald) Á.Löve & D.Löve Scirpus lacustris subsp. creber (Fernald) T.Koyama Scirpus lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kük. Scirpus validus f. creber (Fernald) Beetle Scirpus maritimus subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Nyman Scirpus lacustris var. luxurians (Miq.) T.Koyama Scirpus lacustris subsp. tabernaemontani (C.C.Gmel.) Syme
科属（Family & Genus）：莎草科（Cyperaceae）水葱属
形态特征（Description）：匍匐根状茎粗壮，具许多须根。稈高大，圆柱状，高1-2米，平滑，基部具3-4个叶鞘，鞘长可达38厘米，管状，膜质，最上面一个叶鞘具叶片。叶片线形，长1.511厘米。苞片1枚，为稈的延长，直立，钻状，常短于花序，极少数稍长于花序；长侧枝聚繖花序简单或复出，假侧生，具4-13或更多个辐射枝；辐射枝长可达5厘米，一面凸，一面凹，边缘有锯齿；小穗单生或2-3个簇生于辐射枝顶端，卵形或长圆形，顶端急尖或钝圆，长5-10毫米，宽2-3.5毫米，具多数花；鳞片椭圆形或宽卵形，顶端稍凹，具短尖，膜质，长约3毫米，棕色或紫褐色，有时基部色淡，背面有铁锈色突起小点，脉1条，边缘具缘毛；下位刚毛6条，等长于小坚果，红棕色，有倒刺；雄蕊3，花药线形，药隔突出；花柱中等长，柱头2，罕3，长于花柱。小坚果倒卵形或椭圆形，双凸状，少有三稜形，长约2毫米。花果期6-9月。
分布（Distribution）：产东北各省、内蒙古、山西、陕西、甘肃、新疆、河北、江苏、贵州、四川、云南；生长在湖边或浅水塘中。产朝鲜、日本、澳洲、南北美洲。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 23 Page 182, 184
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani (C. C. Gmelin) Palla, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien. 38: 49. 1888.
水葱 shui cong | Cyperaceae | Schoenoplectus
Scirpus tabernaemontani C. C. Gmelin, Fl. Bad. 1: 101. 1805; Schoenoplectus validus (Vahl) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Scirpus lacustris Linnaeus subsp. validus (Vahl) T. Koyama; S. lacustris var. validus (Vahl) Kükenthal; S. validus Vahl; S. validus var. laeviglumis Tang & F. T. Wang.
Rhizomes brown, horizontally creeping. Culms 1-2[-3] m tall, terete, smooth, clothed at base with 3 or 4 leaf sheaths. Leaf sheaths to 38 cm, membranous, apicalmost sheath with a blade; leaf blade linear, 1.5-11 cm. Involucral bract 1, culmlike, subulate, usually shorter to rarely slightly longer than inflorescence, erect. Inflorescence a pseudolateral simple or decompound anthela; rays 4-13 or more, unequal in length, to 5 cm, concave to convex, scabrous. Spikelets solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3, ovoid to oblong, 4-10 × 2-3.5 mm, densely many flowered, apex acute to obtuse. Glumes brown to purplish brown, elliptic to broadly ovate, 2.5-3 mm, membranous, abaxially with reddish resinous spots on apical median part, margin broadly white hyaline and ciliate toward apex, apex obtuse to emarginate with a green costa excurrent into a mucro. Perianth bristles (2-)6, reddish brown, shorter than to equaling nutlet, retrorsely scabrous except at base. Stamens 3; anthers linear; connective apex evident beyond anthers. Style ca. 2 mm; stigmas 2(or 3, and 3rd when present shorter than other 2). Nutlet grayish, broadly obovoid to ellipsoid, 2-2.5 mm, subplano-convex, apically contracted into a 0.2-0.4 mm beak. Fl. and fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 42.
Lake margins, shallow water; (near sea level to) 300-3200 m. Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Afghanistan, India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vietnam; N Africa, SW Asia, Australia, Central, North, and South America, Europe, Pacific islands].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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