长穗赤箭莎Schoenus calostachyus

中文名(Chinese Name):长穗赤箭莎
学名(Scientific Name): Schoenus calostachyus (R.Br.) Poir.
英文名(English Common Name):
别名(Chinese Common Name):
异名(Synonym):Chaetospora calostachya R. Br.  Chaetospora calostachys R.Br.  Cyclocampe waigiouensis Steud.  Schoenus triangularis Volkens  Schoenus calostachyus var. distans (F.Muell.) Benth.
科属(Family & Genus):莎草科Cyperaceae赤箭莎属Schoenus
形态特征(Description):根状茎短。稈丛生,直立,多数,包括花序在内长70-90厘米或稍长,下部圆柱状,平滑,上部从第一节以上,具一条深槽,槽边缘粗糙。叶线形,宽1.5-2毫米,坚硬,边缘平滑或稍粗糙,顶端突尖,叶面平滑,叶背具3条隆起的纵肋。苞片叶状,具圆筒状叶鞘,鞘长1.5-2.5厘米或更长,黑紫红色或黑血红色,鞘口偏斜,膜质,色较浅;总状花序松散,每节具1个或2、3个小穗,从同一苞片鞘抽出;小穗披针形或卵状披针形,长约2厘米,基部几圆形,顶端渐尖或急尖,稍扁,具长柄,最下面的小穗柄长达15厘米或更长,渐上而渐短,扁平,无毛,每个小穗具9-11片鳞片,有4朵两性花;鳞片二列,从下而上,由卵形至披针形,最长约15毫米,最短的4毫米,近革质,暗血红色,边缘被长柔毛状的缘毛,尤以顶端为密,背面具绿色龙骨状突起,最上部1-2片及最下部5片鳞片中空无花;下位刚毛5-7条,纤细,易脱落,比小坚果短2-3倍;雄蕊3,中部花的花丝特长,几超过花柱,花药早落,其上下各花的花丝极短,长仅为花药的一半,花药线形;花柱细长,基部不膨大,平滑,无毛,柱头3,细长,被棕色短柔毛。小坚果倒卵形,三稜形,灰褐色,表面具网状皱纹,无毛,略被白粉,基部无柄,顶端喙极不明显。
分布(Distribution):产于广东(?);也分布于日本琉球羣岛、新加坡、印度尼西亚、马来亚、越南和澳洲。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 23 Page 256
Schoenus calostachyus (R. Brown) Poiret, Encycl., Suppl. 2: 251. 1811.
长穗赤箭莎 chang sui chi jian suo| Cyperaceae  | Schoenus
Chaetospora calostachya R. Brown, Prodr. 233. 1810.
Perennials. Rhizomes short. Culms tufted, erect, (30-)70-90 cm tall, obtusely 3-angled to subterete, sulcate, smooth. Leaves basal and cauline; sheath blackish purple; leaf blade linear, 30-75 cm × 1-2 mm, rigid, 3-veined on abaxial surface, margin scaberulose, apex acute. Involucral bracts leaflike; sheaths black purplish red to reddish black, 1.5-2.5 cm, terete; mouth pale, oblique, membranous. Inflorescences racemose, to 50 cm, very lax, with 2 or 3 very distant fascicles of branches; peduncle 10-15 cm, glabrous; branches solitary or 2(or 3) together, erect, ca. 12.5 cm, unequal, compressed, scaberulose on angles, each bearing 1(-3) spikelets. Spikelets chestnut-brown, oblong to narrowly ovoid, 3-5-flowered, apex acute to acuminate. Glumes distichous, narrowly lanceolate, basal 5 and apical 1 or 2 empty; fertile glumes to 1.5 cm; sterile glumes ca. 0.4 cm, leathery, densely ciliate especially toward apex, keel green. Perianth bristles 4-7, white, ca. 1/2 as long as nutlet, antrorsely scabrous on apical part, easily caducous. Stamens 3; anthers linear, caducous. Style slender, apical half ciliate; stigmas 3, papillate. Nutlet grayish brown, obovoid, 3-sided, reticulately wrinkled, glabrous, base attenuate, apex obscurely beaked. Fl. and fr. Jul-Sep.
Slopes, hilltops; ca. 600 m. Guangdong, S Guangxi, Hainan (Wenchang) [Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, Pacific islands].
长穗赤箭莎Schoenus calostachyus

长穗赤箭莎Schoenus calostachyus


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