苦瓜Momordica charantia
中文名（Chinese Name）：苦瓜
学名（Scientific Name）：Momordica charantia Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：凉瓜
异名（Synonym）：Cucumis argyi H. Lév. Momordica indica L. Sicyos fauriei H. Lév. Momordica chinensis Spreng. Momordica sinensis Spreng. Cucumis intermedius M.Roem. Momordica charantia f. abbreviata (Ser.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes Momordica charantia subsp. abbreviata (Ser.) Greb. Momordica charantia var. muricata (Willd.) Chakrav. Momordica elegans Salisb.
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科Cucurbitaceae苦瓜属Momordica
形态特征（Description）：一年生攀援状柔弱草本，多分枝；茎、枝被柔毛。卷须纤细，长达20厘米，具微柔毛，不分歧。叶柄细，初时被白色柔毛，后变近无毛，长4-6厘米；叶片轮廓卵状肾形或近圆形，膜质，长、宽均为4-12厘米，上面绿色，背面淡绿色，脉上密被明显的微柔毛，其余毛较稀疏，5-7深裂，裂片卵状长圆形，边缘具粗齿或有不规则小裂片，先端多半钝圆形稀急尖，基部弯缺半圆形，叶脉掌状。雌雄同株。雄花：单生叶腋，花梗纤细，被微柔毛，长3-7厘米，中部或下部具1苞片；苞片绿色，肾形或圆形，全缘，稍有缘毛，两面被疏柔毛，长、宽均5-15毫米；花萼裂片卵状披针形，被白色柔毛，长4-6毫米，宽2-3毫米，急尖；花冠黄色，裂片倒卵形，先端钝，急尖或微凹，长1.5-2厘米，宽0.8-1.2厘米，被柔毛；雄蕊3，离生，药室2回折曲。雌花：单生，花梗被微柔毛，长10-12厘米，基部常具1苞片；子房纺锤形，密生瘤状突起，柱头3，膨大，2裂。果实纺锤形或圆柱形，多瘤皱，长10-20厘米，成熟后橙黄色，由顶端3瓣裂。种子多数，长圆形，具红色假种皮，两端各具3小齿，两面有刻纹，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米。花、果期5-10月。
分布（Distribution）：广泛栽培于世界热带到温带地区。我国南北均普遍栽培。
用途（Use）：本种果味甘苦，主作蔬菜，也可糖渍；成熟果肉和假种皮也可食用；根、藤及果实入药，有清热解毒的功效。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 29
Momordica charantia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1009. 1753.
苦瓜 ku gua| Cucurbitaceae | Momordica
Cucumis argyi H. Léveillé; Momordica chinensis Sprengel; M. indica Linnaeus; M. sinensis Sprengel; Sicyos fauriei H. Léveillé.
Plants annual, scandent, many branched; stem and branches pubescent. Tendrils to 20 cm, puberulent, simple. Petiole slender, 4-6 cm, white pubescent at first, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate-reniform or suborbicular, 4-12 × 4-12 cm, membranous, puberulent on veins, 5-7-partite; lobes ovate-oblong, veins palmate, margin crenate or irregularly lobed, apex obtuse or acute; sinus semicircular. Plants monoecious. Male flowers solitary in axils of leaves; pedicel slender, 3-7 cm, puberulent, with a median bract; bract reniform or orbicular, 5-15 mm, entire, both surfaces puberulent; calyx segments ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 × 2-3 mm, white pubescent, apex acute; corolla yellow; segments obovate, 15-20 × 8-12 mm, pubescent, obtuse or retuse; stamens 3, free; anther cells conduplicate. Female flowers solitary; pedicel 10-12 cm, with a bract at base; ovary fusiform, densely verrucose; stigmas expanded, 2-lobed. Fruit orange when mature, fusiform or cylindric, 10-20 cm, verrucose, 3-valved from apex. Seeds numerous, oblong, 15-20 × 10-15 cm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Commonly cultivated in China [pantropical, also cultivated in temperate and tropical regions].
The fruit is used as a vegetable; all parts of the plant are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Momordica charantia Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：凉瓜
异名（Synonym）：Cucumis argyi H. Lév. Momordica indica L. Sicyos fauriei H. Lév. Momordica chinensis Spreng. Momordica sinensis Spreng. Cucumis intermedius M.Roem. Momordica charantia f. abbreviata (Ser.) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes Momordica charantia subsp. abbreviata (Ser.) Greb. Momordica charantia var. muricata (Willd.) Chakrav. Momordica elegans Salisb.
科属（Family & Genus）：葫芦科Cucurbitaceae苦瓜属Momordica
形态特征（Description）：一年生攀援状柔弱草本，多分枝；茎、枝被柔毛。卷须纤细，长达20厘米，具微柔毛，不分歧。叶柄细，初时被白色柔毛，后变近无毛，长4-6厘米；叶片轮廓卵状肾形或近圆形，膜质，长、宽均为4-12厘米，上面绿色，背面淡绿色，脉上密被明显的微柔毛，其余毛较稀疏，5-7深裂，裂片卵状长圆形，边缘具粗齿或有不规则小裂片，先端多半钝圆形稀急尖，基部弯缺半圆形，叶脉掌状。雌雄同株。雄花：单生叶腋，花梗纤细，被微柔毛，长3-7厘米，中部或下部具1苞片；苞片绿色，肾形或圆形，全缘，稍有缘毛，两面被疏柔毛，长、宽均5-15毫米；花萼裂片卵状披针形，被白色柔毛，长4-6毫米，宽2-3毫米，急尖；花冠黄色，裂片倒卵形，先端钝，急尖或微凹，长1.5-2厘米，宽0.8-1.2厘米，被柔毛；雄蕊3，离生，药室2回折曲。雌花：单生，花梗被微柔毛，长10-12厘米，基部常具1苞片；子房纺锤形，密生瘤状突起，柱头3，膨大，2裂。果实纺锤形或圆柱形，多瘤皱，长10-20厘米，成熟后橙黄色，由顶端3瓣裂。种子多数，长圆形，具红色假种皮，两端各具3小齿，两面有刻纹，长1.5-2厘米，宽1-1.5厘米。花、果期5-10月。
分布（Distribution）：广泛栽培于世界热带到温带地区。我国南北均普遍栽培。
用途（Use）：本种果味甘苦，主作蔬菜，也可糖渍；成熟果肉和假种皮也可食用；根、藤及果实入药，有清热解毒的功效。
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 29
Momordica charantia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1009. 1753.
苦瓜 ku gua| Cucurbitaceae | Momordica
Cucumis argyi H. Léveillé; Momordica chinensis Sprengel; M. indica Linnaeus; M. sinensis Sprengel; Sicyos fauriei H. Léveillé.
Plants annual, scandent, many branched; stem and branches pubescent. Tendrils to 20 cm, puberulent, simple. Petiole slender, 4-6 cm, white pubescent at first, glabrescent; leaf blade ovate-reniform or suborbicular, 4-12 × 4-12 cm, membranous, puberulent on veins, 5-7-partite; lobes ovate-oblong, veins palmate, margin crenate or irregularly lobed, apex obtuse or acute; sinus semicircular. Plants monoecious. Male flowers solitary in axils of leaves; pedicel slender, 3-7 cm, puberulent, with a median bract; bract reniform or orbicular, 5-15 mm, entire, both surfaces puberulent; calyx segments ovate-lanceolate, 4-6 × 2-3 mm, white pubescent, apex acute; corolla yellow; segments obovate, 15-20 × 8-12 mm, pubescent, obtuse or retuse; stamens 3, free; anther cells conduplicate. Female flowers solitary; pedicel 10-12 cm, with a bract at base; ovary fusiform, densely verrucose; stigmas expanded, 2-lobed. Fruit orange when mature, fusiform or cylindric, 10-20 cm, verrucose, 3-valved from apex. Seeds numerous, oblong, 15-20 × 10-15 cm. Fl. and fr. May-Oct.
Commonly cultivated in China [pantropical, also cultivated in temperate and tropical regions].
The fruit is used as a vegetable; all parts of the plant are used medicinally.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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