黄花菜Hemerocallis citrina

中文名(Chinese Name):黄花菜
学名(Scientific Name):Hemerocallis citrina Baroni
英文名(English Common Name):citron daylily
别名(Chinese Common Name):金针菜、柠檬萱草
异名(Synonym):Hemerocallis altissima Stout  Hemerocallis coreana Nakai  Hemerocallis flava var. coreana (Nakai) M.Hotta  Hemerocallis graminea f. humilior Maxim.  Hemerocallis graminea var. humilior Maxim. ex Baker  Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus subsp. citrina (Baroni) Z.T. Xiong
科属(Family & Genus):百合科(Liliaceae)萱草属
形态特征(Description):植株一般较高大;根近肉质,中下部常有纺锤状膨大。叶7-20枚,长50-130厘米,宽6-25毫米。花葶长短不一,一般稍长于叶,基部三棱形,上部多少圆柱形,有分枝;苞片披针形,下面的长可达3-10厘米,自下向上渐短,宽3-6毫米;花梗较短,通常长不到1厘米;花多朵,最多可达100朵以上;花被淡黄色,有时在花蕾时顶端带黑紫色;花被管长3-5厘米,花被裂片长(6-)7-12厘米,内三片宽2-3厘米。蒴果钝三棱状椭圆形,长3-5厘米。种子约20多个,黑色,有棱,从开花到种子成熟约需40-60天。花果期5-9月。
分布(Distribution):产秦岭以南各省区以及河北、山西和山东,生于海拔2000米以下的山坡、山谷、荒地或林缘。
用途(Use):黄花菜是重要的经济作物。它的花经过蒸、晒,加工成干菜,即金针菜或黄花菜,远销国内外,是很受欢迎的食品,还有健胃、利尿、消肿等功效;根可以酿酒;叶可以造纸和编织草垫;花葶干后可以做纸煤和燃料。
引自植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 24 Page 162
Hemerocallis citrina Baroni, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s. 4: 305. 1897.
黄花菜 huang hua cai | Liliaceae  | Hemerocallis
Hemerocallis altissima Stout; H. coreana Nakai.
Plants to 1 m tall, deciduous in winter. Roots rather stout, fleshy, usually with oblong, swollen, tuberous part near tip. Leaves linear, 50--130 × 0.5--2.5 cm; leaf sheath with reddish margin. Scape usually slightly longer than leaves, solid; main axis indistinct. Inflorescence branched; helicoidal cymes 3--5 or more, 2--5-flowered; bracts lanceolate, 3--7 cm × 3--6 mm. Pedicel less than 1 cm. Flowers large, fragrant, opening in afternoon or evening and lasting 12--24 hours, purplish black apically in bud. Perianth lemon-colored; tube long, 3--5 cm; segments (6--)7--12 cm, inner ones 2--3 cm wide, slightly wider than outer ones. Filaments 7--8 cm; anthers yellow, 8--10 mm. Capsule ellipsoid, 2--2.5 × 1.2--1.5 cm. Fl. May--Aug. 2 n = 22.
Forest margins, grassy fields, slopes along valleys; near sea level to 2000 m. Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea].
Widely cultivated for its edible flowers, especially in Hunan.
黄花菜Hemerocallis citrina

黄花菜Hemerocallis citrina

黄花菜Hemerocallis citrina

黄花菜Hemerocallis citrina
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