菰Zizania latifolia

中文名(Chinese Name):菰
学名(Scientific Name):Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz. ex Stapf
英文名(English Common Name):Manchurian wildrice
别名(Chinese Common Name):茭白、茭儿菜、茭笋
异名(Synonym):Zizania caduciflora (Turcz. ex Trin.) Hand.-Mazz.  Zizania dahurica Steud.  Hydropyrum latifolium Griseb.  Zizania aquatica var. latifolia (Griseb.) Kom.  Zizania mezii Prodoehl  Zizania caducifolia
科属(Family & Genus):禾本科(Gramineae)菰属
形态特征(Description):多年生,具匍匐根状茎。须根粗壮。秆高大直立,高1-2米,径约1厘米,具多数节,基部节上生不定根。叶鞘长于其节间,肥厚,有小横脉;叶舌膜质,长约1.5厘米,顶端尖;叶片扁平宽大,长50-90厘米,宽15-30毫米。圆锥花序长30-50厘米,分枝多数簇生,上升,果期开展;雄小穗长10-15毫米,两侧压扁,着生于花序下部或分枝之上部,带紫色,外稃具5脉,顶端渐尖具小尖头,内稃具3脉,中脉成脊,具毛,雄蕊6枚,花药长5-10毫米;雌小穗圆筒形,长18-25毫米,宽1.5-2毫米,着生于花序上部和分枝下方与主轴贴生处,外稃之5脉粗糙,芒长20-30毫米,内稃具3脉。颖果圆柱形,长约12毫米,胚小形,为果体之1/8。
分布(Distribution):产东北、内蒙古、河北、甘肃、陕西、四川、湖北、湖南、江西、福建、广东、台湾。水生或沼生,常见栽培。亚洲温带、日本、俄罗斯及欧洲有分布。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版FOC Vol. 22 Page 186
Zizania latifolia (Grisebach) Turczaninow ex Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew. 1909: 385. 1909.
菰 gu| Poaceae  | Zizania
Hydropyrum latifolium Grisebach in Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 466. 1853; Zizania aquatica Linnaeus var. latifolia (Grisebach) Komarov; Z. caduciflora Handel-Mazzetti, nom. illeg. superfl.; Z. dahurica Turczaninow ex Steudel.
Perennial, rhizomatous. Culms erect, 1–2.5 m, ca. 1 cm thick, rooting at lower nodes, nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths longer than internodes, thickened, lower sheaths tessellate; leaf blades broadly linear, 50–90 × 1.5–3.5 cm, abaxial surface scabrous, adaxial surface glabrous, tapering to base, apex abruptly narrowed to a long point; ligule triangular, 1–1.5 cm. Panicle 30–50 × 10–15 cm, lower branches with male spikelets, upper branches with female spikelets, middle branches mixed; branches semiverticillate, many at each node, sparsely spinulose; pedicel apex disk-shaped with spinulose margin. Male spikelet 0.8–1.5 cm; lemma elliptic-oblong, margin ciliate; awn 2–8 mm, scabrous; anthers 5–8 mm. Female spikelet 1.5–2.5 cm; lemma linear, scabrous on veins; awn 1.5–3 cm, scabrous. Caryopsis ca. 1 cm. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 30, 34.
Shallow water of lake margins and swamps, forming large patches. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NE India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Russia; cultivated in SE Asia].
This species is cultivated as a vegetable in China. The young shoots and rhizomes are edible when infected, swollen, and softened by the fungus Ustilago esculenta. The presence of the fungus prevents flowering. The grains were used for food by the Emperor in ancient China, and are currently being used by fishermen.
菰Zizania latifolia

菰Zizania latifolia

菰Zizania latifolia(责任编辑:徐晔春)

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