独丽花Moneses uniflora
中文名（Chinese Name）：独丽花
学名（Scientific Name）：Moneses uniflora (Linn.) A. Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Bryophthalmum uniflorum (L.) E. Mey. Chimaphila rhombifolia Hayata Moneses grandiflora Salisb. Moneses rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres Pyrola uniflora L. Moneses uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) Blake Moneses uniflora subsp. reticulata (Nutt.) Calder & Taylor Monanthium reticulatum (Nutt.) House Monanthium uniflorum (L.) House Moneses reticulata Nutt. Pyrola uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) H. St. John
科属（Family & Genus）：鹿蹄草科Pyrolaceae独丽花属Moneses
形态特征（Description）：常绿草本状矮小半灌木，高4-17厘米；根茎细，线状，横生，有分枝，生不定根及地上茎。叶对生或近轮生于茎基部，薄革质，圆卵形或近圆形，长0.9-1.5(-2.2)毫米，宽几与长相等，先端圆钝，基部近圆形或宽楔形并稍下延于叶柄，边缘有锯齿，上面绿色，下面淡绿色；叶柄较叶片短近2倍，长4-8毫米。花葶有狭翅，有1-2枚鳞片状叶，卵形，兜状，长3-4毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，边缘有细缘毛。花单生于花葶顶端，花冠水平广开展，碟状，直径1.5-2.5厘米，下垂，白色，具芳香；萼片卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长约2-2.5毫米，较花瓣短约3-4倍以上，先端近圆头或钝头状，边缘有细缘毛，绿色或淡绿白色；花瓣卵形，长7-10毫米，宽4-7毫米；雄蕊10，每2与花瓣对生，花丝细长，无毛，花药有较长的小角，在顶端孔裂，黄色；花柱直立，长3.5-5毫米，柱头头状，5裂。蒴果近球形，直径6-8毫米，由基部向上5瓣裂，裂瓣边缘无蛛丝状毛。花期7-8月；果期8月。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、山西、甘肃、新疆、四川北部、云南西北部及台湾。生于海拔900-3800米之山地满布苔藓的暗针叶林下，性喜阴湿。朝鲜、苏联、日本、欧洲、北美也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 14 Page 247
Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Man. Bot. 273. 1848.
独丽花 du li hua | Ericaceae | Moneses
Pyrola uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753; Bryophthalmum uniflorum (Linnaeus) E. Meyer; Chimaphila rhombifolia Hayata; Moneses grandiflora Salisbury; M. rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres.
Herbs evergreen. Rhizome creeping, slender, 0.2–0.6 mm in diam.; roots long, slender, branched. Aerial stems erect or ascending, terete to angular, 1–5 cm, 0.6–1 mm in diam., not branched, glabrous. Leaves in 3 or 4 subverticils of 2 or 3 each, alternating with ca. 5 scales; petiole (0.5–)1–1.5 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and slightly shiny, broadly rhombic, 1–1.6 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin minutely toothed, apex rounded to obtuse. Flower nodding, regular, opening fully. Scape erect, (4–)5–10 cm tall, 1-flowered, glabrous. Bracts 1 or 2 on upper part of scape, 4–5 × ca. 2 mm, ciliolate. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate-elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, ciliolate, apex rounded. Petals (4 or)5, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, sessile. Stamens (8–)10; anthers 3–4 mm, tubes distinct and strongly curved. Ovary subglobose; style 4–5 mm; stigma peltate with 5 distinct marginal papillae. Capsules subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., fibers absent at margin. Seeds narrowly fusiform; testa generally with 7 or 8 cells along longest axis, inner testa walls with scalariform pits. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 26.
Moist mossy coniferous forests, more rarely in wet Betula or Pinus woods; middle elevations. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, N Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, NW Yunnan [Japan, N Korea, Mongolia, Russia; widely distributed in N temperate and subarctic zones, particularly Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Moneses uniflora (Linn.) A. Gray
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Bryophthalmum uniflorum (L.) E. Mey. Chimaphila rhombifolia Hayata Moneses grandiflora Salisb. Moneses rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres Pyrola uniflora L. Moneses uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) Blake Moneses uniflora subsp. reticulata (Nutt.) Calder & Taylor Monanthium reticulatum (Nutt.) House Monanthium uniflorum (L.) House Moneses reticulata Nutt. Pyrola uniflora var. reticulata (Nutt.) H. St. John
科属（Family & Genus）：鹿蹄草科Pyrolaceae独丽花属Moneses
形态特征（Description）：常绿草本状矮小半灌木，高4-17厘米；根茎细，线状，横生，有分枝，生不定根及地上茎。叶对生或近轮生于茎基部，薄革质，圆卵形或近圆形，长0.9-1.5(-2.2)毫米，宽几与长相等，先端圆钝，基部近圆形或宽楔形并稍下延于叶柄，边缘有锯齿，上面绿色，下面淡绿色；叶柄较叶片短近2倍，长4-8毫米。花葶有狭翅，有1-2枚鳞片状叶，卵形，兜状，长3-4毫米，宽2.5-3毫米，边缘有细缘毛。花单生于花葶顶端，花冠水平广开展，碟状，直径1.5-2.5厘米，下垂，白色，具芳香；萼片卵圆形或卵状椭圆形，长约2-2.5毫米，较花瓣短约3-4倍以上，先端近圆头或钝头状，边缘有细缘毛，绿色或淡绿白色；花瓣卵形，长7-10毫米，宽4-7毫米；雄蕊10，每2与花瓣对生，花丝细长，无毛，花药有较长的小角，在顶端孔裂，黄色；花柱直立，长3.5-5毫米，柱头头状，5裂。蒴果近球形，直径6-8毫米，由基部向上5瓣裂，裂瓣边缘无蛛丝状毛。花期7-8月；果期8月。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、山西、甘肃、新疆、四川北部、云南西北部及台湾。生于海拔900-3800米之山地满布苔藓的暗针叶林下，性喜阴湿。朝鲜、苏联、日本、欧洲、北美也有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 14 Page 247
Moneses uniflora (Linnaeus) A. Gray, Man. Bot. 273. 1848.
独丽花 du li hua | Ericaceae | Moneses
Pyrola uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 397. 1753; Bryophthalmum uniflorum (Linnaeus) E. Meyer; Chimaphila rhombifolia Hayata; Moneses grandiflora Salisbury; M. rhombifolia (Hayata) Andres.
Herbs evergreen. Rhizome creeping, slender, 0.2–0.6 mm in diam.; roots long, slender, branched. Aerial stems erect or ascending, terete to angular, 1–5 cm, 0.6–1 mm in diam., not branched, glabrous. Leaves in 3 or 4 subverticils of 2 or 3 each, alternating with ca. 5 scales; petiole (0.5–)1–1.5 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and slightly shiny, broadly rhombic, 1–1.6 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin minutely toothed, apex rounded to obtuse. Flower nodding, regular, opening fully. Scape erect, (4–)5–10 cm tall, 1-flowered, glabrous. Bracts 1 or 2 on upper part of scape, 4–5 × ca. 2 mm, ciliolate. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate-elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, ciliolate, apex rounded. Petals (4 or)5, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, sessile. Stamens (8–)10; anthers 3–4 mm, tubes distinct and strongly curved. Ovary subglobose; style 4–5 mm; stigma peltate with 5 distinct marginal papillae. Capsules subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., fibers absent at margin. Seeds narrowly fusiform; testa generally with 7 or 8 cells along longest axis, inner testa walls with scalariform pits. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 26.
Moist mossy coniferous forests, more rarely in wet Betula or Pinus woods; middle elevations. Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanxi, N Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, NW Yunnan [Japan, N Korea, Mongolia, Russia; widely distributed in N temperate and subarctic zones, particularly Europe].
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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