紫菀Aster tataricus
中文名（Chinese Name）：紫菀
学名（Scientific Name）：Aster tataricus L.f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山白菜 驴夹板菜 驴耳朵菜
异名（Synonym）：Aster trinervius var. longifolius Franch. et Sav. Aster tataricus var. vernalis Nakai Aster tataricus var. nakaii (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Kitam. Aster tataricus var. robustus Nakai Aster nakai H. Lév. et Vaniot Aster tataricus var. minor Makino Aster rhomboideus Lindl. ex DC. Aster nakaii Aster tataricus var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam. Aster tataricus var. hortensis Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科Compositae紫菀属Aster
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，根状茎斜升。茎直立，高40-50厘米，粗壮，基部有纤维状枯叶残片且常有不定根，有棱及沟，被疏粗毛，有疏生的叶。基部叶在花期枯落，长圆状或椭圆状匙形，下半部渐狭成长柄，连柄长20-50厘米，宽3-13厘米，顶端尖或渐尖，边缘有具小尖头的圆齿或浅齿。下部叶匙状长圆形，常较小，下部渐狭或急狭成具宽翅的柄，渐尖，边缘除顶部外有密锯齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，无柄，全缘或有浅齿，上部叶狭小；全部叶厚纸质，上面被短糙毛，下面被稍疏的但沿脉被较密的短粗毛；中脉粗壮，与5-10对侧. 脉在下面突起，网脉明显。头状花序多数，径2.5-4.5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成复伞房状；花序梗长，有线形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7-9毫米，径10-25毫米；总苞片3层，线形或线状披针形，顶端尖或圆形，外层长3-4毫米，宽1毫米，全部或上部草质，被密短毛，内层长达8毫米，宽达1.5毫米，边缘宽膜质且带紫红色，有草质中脉。舌状花约20余个；管部长3毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长15-17毫米，宽2.5-3.5毫米，有4至多脉；管状花长6-7毫米且稍有毛，裂片长1.5毫米；花柱附片披针形，长0.5毫米。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，紫褐色，长2.5-3毫米，两面各有1或少有3脉，上部被疏粗毛。冠毛污白色或带红色，长6毫米，有多数不等长的糙毛。花期7-9月；果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及南部、山西、河北、河南西部（卢氏）、陕西及甘肃南部（临洮、成县等）。生于低山阴坡湿地、山顶和低山草地及沼泽地，海拔400-2000米。也分布于朝鲜、日本及苏联西伯利亚东部。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 591, 595, 596
Aster tataricus Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 373. 1782.
紫菀 zi wan| Asteraceae | Aster
Aster nakaii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; A. tataricus var. nakaii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Kitamura; A. trinervius Roxburgh ex D. Don var. longifolius Franchet & Savatier.
Herbs, perennial, 11-150 cm tall; rhizomes becoming woody; stemless rosettes often present. Stems erect, simple, ribbed, glabrate proximally to sparsely strigillose distally, minutely stipitate glandular below leaves. Leaves cauline, much reduced upward, scabrous, abaxially sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scabrous-ciliate, midvein prominent abaxially, apex acuminate to acute or rounded, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, long, slightly winged petiolate (petiole to 30 cm), petiole base sheathing; blade oblanceolate to ovate, (2.1-)30-50 × (0.9-)6-12 cm, base attenuate, margin undulate, coarsely serrate, veins pinnately 6-10-paired; lower to upper leaves shortly petiolate (base sheathing) or sessile, oblanceolate to lanceolate, 2-18 × 0.6-5 cm, base attenuate, margin coarsely serrate to serrulate or entire; synflorescence leaves lanceolate, 1.3-7 × 0.2-1 cm. Capitula (2-)14-50 or more, in terminal corymbiform synflorescences; peduncles 25-65 mm, sparsely strigillose, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire, sometimes grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate, 7-10(-12) mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal, green along midvein, membranous, base ± hardened, margin erose, ciliate, midvein ± pronounced, slightly translucent; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 4-5 × 0.8-1 mm, sparsely strigillose, distally sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, sometimes ± leaflike, margin narrowly scarious, apex acute, ciliate, tip purplish; middle phyllaries oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 6-7 × ca. 1 mm, abaxially glabrous to sparsely strigillose distally or along midvein, eglandular or very sparsely glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, sometimes mucronate, distal margin and apex purplish; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 8-10 × 0.6-1 mm, glabrous, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, erose, purplish. Ray florets 14-30, blue or pale lavender or to purple, lamina 7-15 × 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 5-7 mm, limb campanulate, 3.5-4 mm, lobes erect, tip spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark, obovoid, slightly compressed, 2.5-3 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular apically, 4-6-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, reddish, of barbellate bristles; outermost bristles few, slender, 0.2-0.3 mm; outer bristles slender 1.5-2 mm; inner bristles 4.5-5 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 6-7 mm, slightly clavate. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 54.
Shaded damp places, meadows, steppes, damp riverbanks; 400-3300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
The roots of Aster tataricus are used medicinally to relieve coughs and reduce sputum.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Aster tataricus L.f.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：山白菜 驴夹板菜 驴耳朵菜
异名（Synonym）：Aster trinervius var. longifolius Franch. et Sav. Aster tataricus var. vernalis Nakai Aster tataricus var. nakaii (H. Lév. et Vaniot) Kitam. Aster tataricus var. robustus Nakai Aster nakai H. Lév. et Vaniot Aster tataricus var. minor Makino Aster rhomboideus Lindl. ex DC. Aster nakaii Aster tataricus var. fauriei (H.Lév. & Vaniot) Kitam. Aster tataricus var. hortensis Nakai
科属（Family & Genus）：菊科Compositae紫菀属Aster
形态特征（Description）：多年生草本，根状茎斜升。茎直立，高40-50厘米，粗壮，基部有纤维状枯叶残片且常有不定根，有棱及沟，被疏粗毛，有疏生的叶。基部叶在花期枯落，长圆状或椭圆状匙形，下半部渐狭成长柄，连柄长20-50厘米，宽3-13厘米，顶端尖或渐尖，边缘有具小尖头的圆齿或浅齿。下部叶匙状长圆形，常较小，下部渐狭或急狭成具宽翅的柄，渐尖，边缘除顶部外有密锯齿；中部叶长圆形或长圆披针形，无柄，全缘或有浅齿，上部叶狭小；全部叶厚纸质，上面被短糙毛，下面被稍疏的但沿脉被较密的短粗毛；中脉粗壮，与5-10对侧. 脉在下面突起，网脉明显。头状花序多数，径2.5-4.5厘米，在茎和枝端排列成复伞房状；花序梗长，有线形苞叶。总苞半球形，长7-9毫米，径10-25毫米；总苞片3层，线形或线状披针形，顶端尖或圆形，外层长3-4毫米，宽1毫米，全部或上部草质，被密短毛，内层长达8毫米，宽达1.5毫米，边缘宽膜质且带紫红色，有草质中脉。舌状花约20余个；管部长3毫米，舌片蓝紫色，长15-17毫米，宽2.5-3.5毫米，有4至多脉；管状花长6-7毫米且稍有毛，裂片长1.5毫米；花柱附片披针形，长0.5毫米。瘦果倒卵状长圆形，紫褐色，长2.5-3毫米，两面各有1或少有3脉，上部被疏粗毛。冠毛污白色或带红色，长6毫米，有多数不等长的糙毛。花期7-9月；果期8-10月。
分布（Distribution）：产于黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古东部及南部、山西、河北、河南西部（卢氏）、陕西及甘肃南部（临洮、成县等）。生于低山阴坡湿地、山顶和低山草地及沼泽地，海拔400-2000米。也分布于朝鲜、日本及苏联西伯利亚东部。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 20-21 Page 591, 595, 596
Aster tataricus Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 373. 1782.
紫菀 zi wan| Asteraceae | Aster
Aster nakaii H. Léveillé & Vaniot; A. tataricus var. nakaii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Kitamura; A. trinervius Roxburgh ex D. Don var. longifolius Franchet & Savatier.
Herbs, perennial, 11-150 cm tall; rhizomes becoming woody; stemless rosettes often present. Stems erect, simple, ribbed, glabrate proximally to sparsely strigillose distally, minutely stipitate glandular below leaves. Leaves cauline, much reduced upward, scabrous, abaxially sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scabrous-ciliate, midvein prominent abaxially, apex acuminate to acute or rounded, mucronate; lowest leaves withered by anthesis, long, slightly winged petiolate (petiole to 30 cm), petiole base sheathing; blade oblanceolate to ovate, (2.1-)30-50 × (0.9-)6-12 cm, base attenuate, margin undulate, coarsely serrate, veins pinnately 6-10-paired; lower to upper leaves shortly petiolate (base sheathing) or sessile, oblanceolate to lanceolate, 2-18 × 0.6-5 cm, base attenuate, margin coarsely serrate to serrulate or entire; synflorescence leaves lanceolate, 1.3-7 × 0.2-1 cm. Capitula (2-)14-50 or more, in terminal corymbiform synflorescences; peduncles 25-65 mm, sparsely strigillose, moderately to densely minutely stipitate glandular; bracts linear-lanceolate, entire, sometimes grading into phyllaries. Involucres campanulate, 7-10(-12) mm; phyllaries 3-seriate, unequal, green along midvein, membranous, base ± hardened, margin erose, ciliate, midvein ± pronounced, slightly translucent; outer phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, 4-5 × 0.8-1 mm, sparsely strigillose, distally sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, sometimes ± leaflike, margin narrowly scarious, apex acute, ciliate, tip purplish; middle phyllaries oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 6-7 × ca. 1 mm, abaxially glabrous to sparsely strigillose distally or along midvein, eglandular or very sparsely glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, sometimes mucronate, distal margin and apex purplish; inner phyllaries linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 8-10 × 0.6-1 mm, glabrous, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular, margin scarious, apex acuminate, erose, purplish. Ray florets 14-30, blue or pale lavender or to purple, lamina 7-15 × 1.5-2.5 mm, glabrous, eglandular; disk florets yellow, 5-7 mm, limb campanulate, 3.5-4 mm, lobes erect, tip spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 2 mm, glabrous, eglandular. Achenes dark, obovoid, slightly compressed, 2.5-3 mm, sparsely to moderately strigillose, sparsely minutely stipitate glandular apically, 4-6-ribbed. Pappus 4-seriate, reddish, of barbellate bristles; outermost bristles few, slender, 0.2-0.3 mm; outer bristles slender 1.5-2 mm; inner bristles 4.5-5 mm, tapering; innermost bristles 6-7 mm, slightly clavate. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 54.
Shaded damp places, meadows, steppes, damp riverbanks; 400-3300 m. Anhui, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan [Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia].
The roots of Aster tataricus are used medicinally to relieve coughs and reduce sputum.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
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