问荆Equisetum arvense
中文名（Chinese Name）：问荆
学名（Scientific Name）：Equisetum arvense Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Equisetum arvense subsp. ramulosum (Rupr.) Rapp. Equisetum arvense var. boreale (Bong.) Rupr. Equisetum arvense var. campestre Milde Equisetum arvense var. ramulosum Rupr. Equisetum boreale Bong. Equisetum campestre Schultz Equisetum arvense f. ramulosum (Rupr.) Klinge Equisetum arvense subsp. boreale (Bong.) A. loeve Equisetum calderi Boivin Equisetum arvense var. alpestre Wahlenb. Equisetum arvense var. riparium Farw. Equisetum saxicola Suksd.
科属（Family & Genus）：木贼科Equisetaceae木贼属Equisetum
形态特征（Description）：中小型植物。根茎斜升，直立和横走，黑棕色，节和根密生黄棕色长毛或光滑无毛。地上枝当年枯萎。枝二型。能育枝春季先萌发，高5-35厘米，中部直径3-5毫米，节间长2-6厘米，黄棕色，无轮茎分枝，脊不明显，要密纵沟；鞘筒栗棕色或淡黄色，长约0.8厘米，鞘齿9-12枚，栗棕色，长4-7毫米，狭三角形，鞘背仅上部有一浅纵沟，孢子散后能育枝枯萎。不育枝后萌发，高达40厘米，主枝中部直径1.5-3.0毫米，节间长2-3厘米，绿色，轮生分枝多，主枝中部以下有分枝。脊的背部弧形，无棱，有横纹，无小瘤；鞘筒狭长，绿色，鞘齿三角形，5-6枚，中间黑棕色，边缘膜质，淡棕色，宿存。侧枝柔软纤细，扁平状，有3-4条狭而高的脊，脊的背部有横纹；鞘齿3-5个，披针形，绿色，边缘膜质，宿存。孢子囊穗圆柱形，长1.8-4.0厘米，直径0.9-1.0厘米，顶端钝，成熟时柄伸长，柄长3-6厘米。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、北京、天津、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、山东、江苏、上海、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、湖北、四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏。海拔0-3700米。日本、朝鲜半岛、喜马拉雅、俄罗斯、欧洲、北美洲有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 2-3 Page 68, 69
Equisetum arvense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.
问荆 wen jing| Equisetaceae | Equisetum
Allostelites arvensis (Linnaeus) Börner; E. arvense f. arcticum (Ruprecht) M. Broun; E. arvense var. arcticum Ruprecht; E. arvense f. boreale (Bongard) Klinge; E. arvense subsp. boreale (Bongard) Á. Löve; E. arvense var. boreale (Bongard) Ruprecht; E. arvense f. campestre (Schultz) Klinge; E. arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Ruprecht; E. arvense f. ramulosum (Ruprecht) Klinge; E. arvense subsp. ramulosum (Ruprecht) W. F. Rapp; E. arvense var. ramulosum Ruprecht; E. boreale Bongard; E. calderi B. Boivin; E. campestre Schultz; E. saxicola Suksdorf.
Plants small to medium-sized. Rhizome ascending, erect, or creeping, blackish brown, nodes and roots with sparse long yellowish brown trichomes or glabrous. Aerial stem annual, dimorphic. Fertile stems appearing in spring earlier than sterile branches, yellowish brown, 5-35 cm tall, 3-5 mm in diam. at middle, not whorled, ridges inconspicuous, with dense grooves, internodes 2-6 cm; sheath castaneous or pale yellow, ca. 0.8 cm, only upper portion of sheath abaxially with a shallow groove; sheath teeth 9-12, castaneous, narrowly deltoid, 4-7 mm. Fertile stems dying back after spores shed (ephemeral). Sterile stems green, up to 40 cm, middle portion of main stem 1.5-3 mm, multiple whorled, below middle portion of main stem branched; internodes 2-3 cm; ridges arc-shaped abaxially, without edges, with cross grains, without tubercles; sheath green, long, narrow; sheath teeth 5 or 6, deltoid, middle portion blackish brown, margin membranous, light brown, persistent. Lateral branches slender, flattened, with 3 or 4 narrow and tall ridges, ridges abaxially with cross grains; sheath teeth 3-5, green, lanceolate, margin membranous, persistent. Strobilus terete, 1.8-4 cm, 0.9-1 cm in diam., apex blunt; stalk prolonged when mature and 3-6 cm. 2n = 216.
Forests, forest margins, under bushes, meadows, banks of rivers and streams, open fields; sea level to 3700 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [W Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; C and SW Asia, Europe, North America (including Greenland)].
Morphologically, sterile stems of Equisetum arvense are similar to those of E. palustre, but the former has more abundant and slender and longer lateral branches, which are 3- or 4-ridged and with cross grains abaxially or on ridges.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Equisetum arvense Linn.
英文名（English Common Name）：
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：Equisetum arvense subsp. ramulosum (Rupr.) Rapp. Equisetum arvense var. boreale (Bong.) Rupr. Equisetum arvense var. campestre Milde Equisetum arvense var. ramulosum Rupr. Equisetum boreale Bong. Equisetum campestre Schultz Equisetum arvense f. ramulosum (Rupr.) Klinge Equisetum arvense subsp. boreale (Bong.) A. loeve Equisetum calderi Boivin Equisetum arvense var. alpestre Wahlenb. Equisetum arvense var. riparium Farw. Equisetum saxicola Suksd.
科属（Family & Genus）：木贼科Equisetaceae木贼属Equisetum
形态特征（Description）：中小型植物。根茎斜升，直立和横走，黑棕色，节和根密生黄棕色长毛或光滑无毛。地上枝当年枯萎。枝二型。能育枝春季先萌发，高5-35厘米，中部直径3-5毫米，节间长2-6厘米，黄棕色，无轮茎分枝，脊不明显，要密纵沟；鞘筒栗棕色或淡黄色，长约0.8厘米，鞘齿9-12枚，栗棕色，长4-7毫米，狭三角形，鞘背仅上部有一浅纵沟，孢子散后能育枝枯萎。不育枝后萌发，高达40厘米，主枝中部直径1.5-3.0毫米，节间长2-3厘米，绿色，轮生分枝多，主枝中部以下有分枝。脊的背部弧形，无棱，有横纹，无小瘤；鞘筒狭长，绿色，鞘齿三角形，5-6枚，中间黑棕色，边缘膜质，淡棕色，宿存。侧枝柔软纤细，扁平状，有3-4条狭而高的脊，脊的背部有横纹；鞘齿3-5个，披针形，绿色，边缘膜质，宿存。孢子囊穗圆柱形，长1.8-4.0厘米，直径0.9-1.0厘米，顶端钝，成熟时柄伸长，柄长3-6厘米。
分布（Distribution）：产黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、北京、天津、河北、山西、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海、新疆、山东、江苏、上海、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、湖北、四川、重庆、贵州、云南、西藏。海拔0-3700米。日本、朝鲜半岛、喜马拉雅、俄罗斯、欧洲、北美洲有分布。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 2-3 Page 68, 69
Equisetum arvense Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.
问荆 wen jing| Equisetaceae | Equisetum
Allostelites arvensis (Linnaeus) Börner; E. arvense f. arcticum (Ruprecht) M. Broun; E. arvense var. arcticum Ruprecht; E. arvense f. boreale (Bongard) Klinge; E. arvense subsp. boreale (Bongard) Á. Löve; E. arvense var. boreale (Bongard) Ruprecht; E. arvense f. campestre (Schultz) Klinge; E. arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Ruprecht; E. arvense f. ramulosum (Ruprecht) Klinge; E. arvense subsp. ramulosum (Ruprecht) W. F. Rapp; E. arvense var. ramulosum Ruprecht; E. boreale Bongard; E. calderi B. Boivin; E. campestre Schultz; E. saxicola Suksdorf.
Plants small to medium-sized. Rhizome ascending, erect, or creeping, blackish brown, nodes and roots with sparse long yellowish brown trichomes or glabrous. Aerial stem annual, dimorphic. Fertile stems appearing in spring earlier than sterile branches, yellowish brown, 5-35 cm tall, 3-5 mm in diam. at middle, not whorled, ridges inconspicuous, with dense grooves, internodes 2-6 cm; sheath castaneous or pale yellow, ca. 0.8 cm, only upper portion of sheath abaxially with a shallow groove; sheath teeth 9-12, castaneous, narrowly deltoid, 4-7 mm. Fertile stems dying back after spores shed (ephemeral). Sterile stems green, up to 40 cm, middle portion of main stem 1.5-3 mm, multiple whorled, below middle portion of main stem branched; internodes 2-3 cm; ridges arc-shaped abaxially, without edges, with cross grains, without tubercles; sheath green, long, narrow; sheath teeth 5 or 6, deltoid, middle portion blackish brown, margin membranous, light brown, persistent. Lateral branches slender, flattened, with 3 or 4 narrow and tall ridges, ridges abaxially with cross grains; sheath teeth 3-5, green, lanceolate, margin membranous, persistent. Strobilus terete, 1.8-4 cm, 0.9-1 cm in diam., apex blunt; stalk prolonged when mature and 3-6 cm. 2n = 216.
Forests, forest margins, under bushes, meadows, banks of rivers and streams, open fields; sea level to 3700 m. Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [W Bhutan, N India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Russia; C and SW Asia, Europe, North America (including Greenland)].
Morphologically, sterile stems of Equisetum arvense are similar to those of E. palustre, but the former has more abundant and slender and longer lateral branches, which are 3- or 4-ridged and with cross grains abaxially or on ridges.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
踩一下[1]
顶一下[3]