山罗花Melampyrum roseum

中文名Chinese Name):山罗花
学名Scientific Name):Melampyrum roseum Maxim.
英文名English Common Name):
别名Chinese Common Name):
异名Synonym):Melampyrum roseum subsp. hirsutum (Beauverd) Soó  Melampyrum melampyrum var. hirsutum Beauverd
科属(Family & Genus):玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)山萝花属
形态特征(Description):这是一个分布较广、变异很大的种,尤其在叶形、苞叶形状及其边缘的齿形、花萼的齿的形状等方面尤然,有些类型呈现地理替代,有些类型虽有地区倾向,但无明显替代关系,这里均作为变种处理。这个种在我国曾经被分成6-7种。 直立草本,植株全体疏被鳞片状短毛,有时茎上还有两列多细胞柔毛。茎通常多分枝,少不分枝,近于四棱形,高15-80厘米。叶柄长约5毫米,叶片披针形至卵状披针形,顶端渐尖,基部圆钝或楔形,长2-8厘米,宽0.8-3厘米。苞叶绿色,仅基部具尖齿至整个边缘具多条刺毛状长齿,较少几乎全缘的,顶端急尖至长渐尖。花萼长约4毫米,常被糙毛,脉上常生多细胞柔毛,萼齿长三角形至钻状三角形,生有短睫毛;花冠紫色、紫红色或红色,长15-20毫米,筒部长为檐部长的2倍左右,上唇内面密被须毛。蒴果卵状渐尖,长8-10毫米,直或顶端稍向前偏,被鳞片状毛,少无毛的。种子黑色,长3毫米。花期夏秋。
分布(Distribution):分布于东北、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、湖南及华东各省,朝鲜,日本及俄罗斯也有。生山坡灌丛及高草丛中。
用途(Use):
引自中国植物志英文版:FOC Vol. 18 Page 90     
Melampyrum roseum Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. 210. 1859.
山罗花 shan luo hua| Scrophulariaceae  | Melampyrum
Annuals, 15-80 cm tall, entirely sparsely with scaly short hairs. Stems erect, subquadrangular, branched or rarely simple, sometimes pubescent with multicellular hairs along 2 lines. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade linear, linear-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or narrowly ovate, base rounded to cuneate, apex acuminate to sometimes obtuse. Bracts lanceolate to ovate with pointed teeth at base or whole margin with setoselike teeth, apex acute to acuminate. Calyx ca. 4 mm, often scabrous, often with multicellular hairs along veins; lobes narrowly triangular to subulate-triangular, short ciliate. Corolla purple, purple-red, or red, with white on sides, 1.5-2 cm; tube ca. 2 X as long as limb; galea densely barbate inside. Capsule ovoid, 8-10 mm, scaly hairy or rarely glabrous, apex truncate to oblique. Seeds black, ca. 3 mm. Fl. summer-autumn.
Thickets on slopes, among high grasses; below 1500 m. Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong (Lianxian), Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan, Korea, Russia (Far East)].
 山罗花Melampyrum roseum

山罗花Melampyrum roseum
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