墨苜蓿Richardia scabra
中文名（Chinese Name）：墨苜蓿
学名（Scientific Name）：Richardia scabra L.
英文名（English Common Name）：rough Mexican clover
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：茜草科（Rubiaceae）墨苜蓿属
形态特征（Description）：一年生匍匐或近直立草本，长可至80余厘米或过之；主根近白色。茎近圆柱形，被硬毛，节上无不定根，疏分枝。叶厚纸质，卵形、椭圆形或披针形，长1-5厘米或过之，顶端通常短尖，钝头，基部渐狭，两面粗糙，边上有缘毛；叶柄长约5-10毫米；托叶鞘状，顶部截平，边缘有数条长约2-5毫米的刚毛。头状花序有花多朵，顶生，几无总梗，总梗顶端有1或2对叶状总苞，分为2对时，则里面1对较小，总苞片阔卵形；花6或5数；萼长2.5-3.5毫米，萼管顶部缢缩，萼裂片披针形或狭披针形，长约为萼管的2倍，被缘毛；花冠白色，漏斗状或高脚碟状，管长2-8毫米，里面基部有一环白色长毛，裂片6，盛开时星状展开，偶有熏衣草的气味；雄蕊6，伸出或不伸出；子房通常有3心皮，柱头头状，3裂。分果瓣3 (-6)，长2-3.5毫米，长圆形至倒卵形，背部密覆小乳凸和糙伏毛，腹面有一条狭沟槽，基部微凹。花期春夏间。
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲，在我国南部部分地区逸生。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 303
Richardia scabra Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753.
墨苜蓿 mo mu xu| Rubiaceae | Richardia
Richardia pilosa Ruiz & Pavon; Richardsonia scabra (Linnaeus) A. Saint-Hilaire.
Herbs, annual, decumbent or suberect, to 80 cm or longer; stems flattened to subterete, hirsute. Petiole 5-10 mm, hirsute to glabrescent; leaf blade drying membranous to thickly papery, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 1-5 × 0.5-3.5 cm, both surfaces scabrous to glabrescent, base acute to cuneate, apex acute to obtuse; stipule sheaths 1-4 mm, pilose to pilosulous, with 3-15 setae 2-5 mm. Inflorescences ca. 1 cm in diam. (not including leaflike bracts or subtending leaves). Calyx with ovary portion obovoid, 1-1.5 mm, papillose to hispidulous; lobes 6, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm, glabrescent, margins ciliate, apex acute. Corolla white, glabrous inside and outside; tube 2-8 mm; lobes 6, triangular, 1-3 mm. Fruit with mericarps 3, ellipsoid to obovoid, in cross-section triangular to somewhat rounded, 2-3.5 mm, dorsally densely papillose to hispidulous, ventrally with 1 narrow groove along length of face. Fl. and fr. Feb-Nov.
Wastelands; sea level to 200 m. Naturalized in Guangdong, Hainan, and Taiwan [native to the Antilles and North and South America; adventive and naturalized occasionally throughout Old World tropics].
H. S. Lo (in FRPS 71(2): 203. 1999) noted that this species was introduced to China in the 1980s.
（责任编辑：徐晔春）
学名（Scientific Name）：Richardia scabra L.
英文名（English Common Name）：rough Mexican clover
别名（Chinese Common Name）：
异名（Synonym）：
科属（Family & Genus）：茜草科（Rubiaceae）墨苜蓿属
形态特征（Description）：一年生匍匐或近直立草本，长可至80余厘米或过之；主根近白色。茎近圆柱形，被硬毛，节上无不定根，疏分枝。叶厚纸质，卵形、椭圆形或披针形，长1-5厘米或过之，顶端通常短尖，钝头，基部渐狭，两面粗糙，边上有缘毛；叶柄长约5-10毫米；托叶鞘状，顶部截平，边缘有数条长约2-5毫米的刚毛。头状花序有花多朵，顶生，几无总梗，总梗顶端有1或2对叶状总苞，分为2对时，则里面1对较小，总苞片阔卵形；花6或5数；萼长2.5-3.5毫米，萼管顶部缢缩，萼裂片披针形或狭披针形，长约为萼管的2倍，被缘毛；花冠白色，漏斗状或高脚碟状，管长2-8毫米，里面基部有一环白色长毛，裂片6，盛开时星状展开，偶有熏衣草的气味；雄蕊6，伸出或不伸出；子房通常有3心皮，柱头头状，3裂。分果瓣3 (-6)，长2-3.5毫米，长圆形至倒卵形，背部密覆小乳凸和糙伏毛，腹面有一条狭沟槽，基部微凹。花期春夏间。
分布（Distribution）：原产热带美洲，在我国南部部分地区逸生。
用途（Use）：
引自中国植物志英文版：FOC Vol. 19 Page 303
Richardia scabra Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 330. 1753.
墨苜蓿 mo mu xu| Rubiaceae | Richardia
Richardia pilosa Ruiz & Pavon; Richardsonia scabra (Linnaeus) A. Saint-Hilaire.
Herbs, annual, decumbent or suberect, to 80 cm or longer; stems flattened to subterete, hirsute. Petiole 5-10 mm, hirsute to glabrescent; leaf blade drying membranous to thickly papery, ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, 1-5 × 0.5-3.5 cm, both surfaces scabrous to glabrescent, base acute to cuneate, apex acute to obtuse; stipule sheaths 1-4 mm, pilose to pilosulous, with 3-15 setae 2-5 mm. Inflorescences ca. 1 cm in diam. (not including leaflike bracts or subtending leaves). Calyx with ovary portion obovoid, 1-1.5 mm, papillose to hispidulous; lobes 6, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm, glabrescent, margins ciliate, apex acute. Corolla white, glabrous inside and outside; tube 2-8 mm; lobes 6, triangular, 1-3 mm. Fruit with mericarps 3, ellipsoid to obovoid, in cross-section triangular to somewhat rounded, 2-3.5 mm, dorsally densely papillose to hispidulous, ventrally with 1 narrow groove along length of face. Fl. and fr. Feb-Nov.
Wastelands; sea level to 200 m. Naturalized in Guangdong, Hainan, and Taiwan [native to the Antilles and North and South America; adventive and naturalized occasionally throughout Old World tropics].
H. S. Lo (in FRPS 71(2): 203. 1999) noted that this species was introduced to China in the 1980s.
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